A deer-car collision occurs when one or more deer and human-operated vehicles collide on the highway. This can lead to deer death, property damage, and human injury or death. The number of accidents, injuries, and casualties varies from year to year and region. In the United States an estimated 1.23 million deer-related accidents occur in the one-year period ending June 2012 (an increase of 7.7 percent from a year earlier), generating $ 3.305 on average property damage. The largest proportion of such accidents occurred in November.
In 2000, out of 6.1 million light-vehicle collisions in the US, 1 million involved a collision between animals and vehicles. The deer-vehicle collision caused about 200 human deaths and $ 1.1 billion in property damage each year. State and federal governments, insurance companies and drivers spend an additional $ 3 billion in efforts to reduce and manage the increase in the number of deer collisions. The term "deer-vehicle collision" is generally annotated throughout the safety bodies as DVCs.
In Canada during the year 2000 there were nearly 29,000 animal collisions that resulted in property damage alone, an additional 1,887 involving non-fatal injuries, and 23 fatal collisions.
In Germany more than 220,000 traffic collisions occur each year involving deer, more than 1000 that cause human wounds and about 20 human deaths.
Video Deer-vehicle collisions
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Vehicle crashes have occurred since highways were built in close proximity and directly into the immediate habitat, also known as deer habitat fragmentation. The white-tailed deer, the most common deer involved in a deer vehicle collision, has continued to increase in number since the turn of the 20th century. Currently, an estimated 20 to 30 million deer inhabit North America. The actual number of animals killed in a deer vehicle collision is unknown because there are no such databases. In the 1981 study, it was concluded that "large animals," which included deer, accounted for 26% of animals killed each year in collisions with vehicles on interstate roads and country roads.
Expansion and advancement of highway technology in the US has increased the number of deer vehicle collisions. An increase in the amount of habitat fragmentation, due to emerging technologies, has increased the probability of deer collisions.
In the United States, the state with the largest number of deer collisions is Pennsylvania, with an estimated 115,000 collisions in 2013 that caused $ 400 million damage. West Virginia is a state with the highest risk that a rider will hit a deer while driving.
Maps Deer-vehicle collisions
Contributing factors
The main contributing factor of deer-vehicle collisions has been contested among studies and statistics. Many factors can not be identified or understood. At this point, the main factor in all the deer vehicle collisions has not been concluded, but the most disputed is the proximity of the highway with deer-populated forests. Important factors also include: urban populations and deer densities. Also, studies have shown that, nationally, most of the deer vehicle collisions occur between May and November due to deer mating season and foraging before winter.
Habitat fragmentation
Fragmentation of habitat occurs when human technology penetrates the natural habitat of animals. When humans live closer to animals, they are more likely to meet each other. The most common types of habitat fragmentation in the United States are highways and highways in forests and other areas inhabited by deer. Since the highways are separate dots of fragmentation, deer roam freely as they see little to get away. Highways and highways located in sparsely populated areas are usually built along rivers and lakes of mountains and plains. These areas attract deer because they make safe havens and are looking for a very good meal. Highways and highways in densely populated deer habitats cause more common deer collisions.
Time
Factors contributing to deer vehicle collisions, which can be prevented as usual, are the times in which riders travel through deer habitats. During the daytime, the rider can more easily see and avoid hitting the deer. At night, especially at dusk and dawn, deer are much harder to see, and therefore more difficult to avoid a blow.
Prevention of Premier technology
The US government does not impose sanctions on certain manufacturers that could reduce or monitor deer vehicle collisions. Investigations and the implications of aviation-de-collision prevention methods remain the responsibility of the state government. Such products are usually highly tested and studied before they are authorized by them. State organizations such as transportation or game and fisheries departments typically handle the investigation of methods and products of vehicle deer collision prevention. The state wildlife institution has a lot of attention for the conservation of deer and other wildlife involved in vehicle collisions due to expansion and road construction.
Elk whistle
Elk whistles are the most studied and studied methods of aviation collision prevention. Deer whistle is a product attached to the vehicle and acts as an alarm system for deer and other wildlife. The production of deer whistle products has become a multi-million dollar industry. Their producers advertise that ultrasound, which they say deer can hear but humans can not be emitted when the air passes through the whistle. The deer hearing range is 115 Hz - 54 kHz. Most elk whistles are about 2 inches long and bullet-shaped. It costs between $ 5 and $ 25 and is designed to be installed in vehicle bumpers. When a vehicle moves faster than 35 mph, an induced whistle sound is believed to ward off the animal from the highway. Whistle deer marketed to prevent deer collision. The effectiveness of deer whistles is debated among agencies because conflicting reports are available. The study and documentation of deer whistles is generally poor, and conclusive decisions about the effectiveness of deer whistles are not feasible.
Several studies have been published about the function and abilities of elk whistles. Some manufacturers claim that deer can hear whistles up to a quarter of a mile away, but no research has substantiated the claim. Another point of concern is that the amount of noise from vehicles can jeopardize the clarity of the deer whistles. Because the whistle is vehicle-mounted there is little that can be done about reducing vehicle noise. Others also argue the whistle location of the vehicle as susceptible to dirt and insects that will eventually clog the whistles, making them useless. The idea of ​​a non-air-active whistle has been discussed, but little research has been done on the effectiveness of the product. Elk whistles generally have a dubious level of effectiveness but are advertised as helpful in preventing DVC. Concerns among the studies were the impact of the whistle on the driver's soul, and the driver's sense of security.
UV lights
Deer look slightly different than humans. The deer color vision is based on two types of cones that feel shorter and medium wavelengths of light. This is called dichromatic vision. Deer, and most game animals, have a light sensitivity in the approximate range below 320 nm to 640 nm. This means that they can not see red or green, but can see UV (ultraviolet). Thus, what appears to humans to be very bright, the orange color is seen as possibly yellow gray/dull by deer. In contrast, the ability of deer to see light at higher frequencies means they can see the UV-blue rays that are almost invisible to humans, perhaps better than humans who see the orange blazing.
The ability to see in the UV spectrum really makes the deer and animal vision separate from humans. UV rays generally damage the eyes, especially in the long run. Therefore, pigmentation is present in the human eye that helps filter UV rays. Deer do not have such filters and look good on the UV spectrum. UV rays - not visible to humans - can literally shine to deer.
It is suggested that UV or loud lamps mounted on autos can reduce the collision rate and loss of life simultaneously. It should also reduce the rate of bird collision with wind turbines.
See also
- Moose test
- Moose vehicle savings
- Roadkill
- Rumble strip
References
http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2012/10/24/267786.htm
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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