Open the tolling road (ORT) or free-flow tolling is toll collection on the highway without using toll booths. Electronic toll collection systems are usually used instead. The main advantage of ORT is that users can skip the toll plaza with highway speeds without having to slow down to pay the toll. In some installations, ORT can also reduce congestion in the Plaza by allowing more vehicles per hour/per lane. ORT loss is a possibility of "leakage"; that is, "offenders" who do not pay. Leaks may be written off as fees by toll operators, or partially or entirely offset by the costs and penalties accrued against violators.
Video Open road tolling
History
In 1959, Nobel Prize-winning Economist William Vickrey was the first to propose an electronic tolling system for the Washington metropolitan area. He proposed that each car would be equipped with a transponder. "The transponder private signal will be taken when the car passes through the intersection, and then forwarded to a central computer that will calculate the cost according to the intersection and time of day and add it to the car bill"
Norway has been a world leader in the widespread adoption of this technology. The ETC was first introduced in Bergen, in 1986, operating in conjunction with traditional customs. The first major deployment of the RFID electronic toll collection system in the United States is the TollTag system used on the Dallas North Tollway, implemented in 1989 by Amtech. The world's first fully automated motorway toll road, Ontario Highway 407, opened in Canada on June 7, 1997. This highway successfully achieved this automation through the use of RFID technology and automatic number plate recognition.
In September 1998, Singapore became the first city in the world to implement an electronic toll road collection system for congestion pricing purposes. There are currently many roads around the world working with electronic toll collection technology, and ORT has opened up the feasibility of implementing congestion pricing policies in urban areas.
Maps Open road tolling
Collection method
Toll collection on open highways is usually done through the use of transponders or automatic plate recognition, most of which use a gantry system over the road. Although rarely used as a primary vehicle identification method, automatic number plate recognition is used on a number of different road systems. Both methods are intended to eliminate delays on toll roads by collecting tolls electronically by debiting the accounts of registered car owners without requiring them to stop.
Transponder
A transponder is a transmitter-receiver that will generate a counter-signal at the appropriate electronic interrogation. Transponder is an adaptation of a friend of military identification or enemy technology. Most AVI systems today rely on radio frequency identification, where the antenna at the toll gate communicates with the transponder on the vehicle through a special short-range communication (DSRC). Some early AVI systems use barcodes attached to each vehicle, to be read optically at toll booths. The optical system proved to have poor readability reliability, especially when faced with bad weather and dirty vehicles.
Automatic license plate recognition
The automatic license plate identifier (ANPR) or automatic number plate reader (ALPR) is a system that uses optical character recognition on an image to read the license plate of a vehicle. While this technology is most commonly used by law enforcement to catalog vehicle movements and traffic enforcement, ANPR has also been used as an electronic toll collection method. ANPR can be used in conjunction with a transponder system. If the transponder is not detected on the vehicle, the camera system located at each intersection notes the unique identity of the vehicle and the invoice is sent. The use of ANPR reduces fraud related to cash or non-payment transactions, makes effective charging, and reduces the amount of labor required to enforce toll roads, but requires expensive computer software.
However, the use of ANPR raises questions related to privacy and data protection. ANPR allows the police to automatically compile a wide database of innocent road user movements, thus disrupting their privacy. Another concern is that data collected may be misused by employees or stolen by a computer hacker. This has led to the Scottish police to remove their ANPR records records by 2016. Because ANPR is a new technology, its use is often not strictly regulated; it is unclear whether ANPR in Scotland obeys UK data retention laws.
See also
- List of electronic toll collection systems
- The toll road
References
External links
- Speed ​​up electronic toll collection
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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