Tesla Autopilot , then marketed as Autopilot Enhancement after the second hardware version starts shipping, is an advanced driver assistance system feature offered by Tesla that has pathways, adaptive control cruises, parking independent, the ability to automatically change the lane without requiring the driver's steering, and allows the car to be called to and from the garage or parking lot. The planned improvements to Autopilot Enhancement include the transition from one highway to another and out of the highway when your destination is near.
As capacity improvements above and beyond the capabilities of Enhanced Autopilot, the stated intention of the company is to offer full self-driving in the future, recognizing that legal, regulatory, and technical barriers must be addressed to achieve this goal.
In February 2018, Tesla pointed out that the self-driving demonstration from coast to coast would be ready in three to six months.
Video Tesla Autopilot
History
Autopilot was first offered on October 9, 2014, for Tesla Model S, followed by Model X at the time of release. Autopilot is included in the "Technology Packages" option. At that time the Autopilot feature included semi-autonomous drives and parking capabilities. The initial version of Autopilot was developed in partnership with the Israeli company Mobileye. Tesla and Mobileye ended their partnership in July 2016.
In October 2015, Tesla released Autopilot version 7.0 to its customers. In December 2015, Tesla announced that it will remove some self-driving features to prevent customers from engaging in risky behavior. Autopilot Firmware 7.1 makes these changes and includes a long-distance parking technology known as Summon that can park and can take the car to a driver without a driver in the car.
On August 31, 2016, Elon Musk announced Autopilot 8.0, which processes radar signals to create rough point clouds similar to Lidar to help navigate under low visibility conditions, and even to 'see' in front of the car in front. Autopilot, on version 8, uses the radar as the main sensor rather than the camera. In November 2016, Autopilot 8.0 is updated to have a more tangible signal to drivers who drive and require drivers to touch more often, otherwise Autopilot will die. In November 2016, Autopilot has been operating actively in hardware version 1 vehicles for 300 million miles (500 million km) and 1.3 billion miles (2 billion km) in shadow mode.
In October 2016, Tesla says all vehicles come with the required sensing and computing hardware, known as Hardware version 2 (HW2), for future fully autonomous operations (SAE Level 5), with available software when it matures. The company offers various free/additional options to enable features/services related to Autopilot. Autopilot on hardware 1 car version is available for US $ 2,500 ($ 3,000 after delivery). For HW2 cars, Autopilot is available as an "Enhanced Autopilot" for $ 5,000 ($ 6,000 after delivery) and future self-driving capability is an additional $ 3,000 ($ 4,000 after delivery).
The first release of Autopilot for HW2 cars is in February 2017. It includes adaptive cruise controls, autosteers that are enabled on divided roads, autosteers on 'local roads' up to 35 mph speeds or specified mph counts above the limiting local speed. The firmware version 8.1 for HW2 starts in June 2017 which has many new features including new Autopilot driving-assist algorithm, full speed braking, and parallel parking and perpendicular parking management.
On April 28, 2017, Elon Musk predicted that about two years the drivers will be able to sleep on their Tesla until the journey finishes.
By mid-2017, Tesla plans to demonstrate its own driving by the end of 2017. In February 2018, Tesla showed a self-driving demonstration from coast to coast will be ready in three to six months.
Maps Tesla Autopilot
Hardware
Hardware 1
Vehicles manufactured after the end of September 2014 are equipped with a camera mounted on the top of the windshield, a forward looking radar (provided by Bosch) in the lower grille and ultrasonic acoustic location sensor on the front and rear bumpers that provide 360-degree views around it. car. The computer is Mobileye EyeQ3. This equipment allows Model S to detect road signs, path marks, obstacles, and other vehicles. Upgrading from Hardware 1 to Hardware 2 is not offered because it will require work and great expenses.
Hardware 2
Hardware 2, included in all vehicles produced after October 2016, includes Nvidia Drive PX 2 GPU for CUDA-based GPGPU calculations. Tesla claims that Hardware 2 provides the tools needed to enable full self-driving capabilities in SAE Level 5. Hardware includes 8 surround cameras and 12 ultrasonic sensors, in addition to front-facing radar with improved processing capabilities. Autopilot computers can be replaced to allow for future upgrades. This radar is claimed to be able to observe below and in front of the vehicle in front of Tesla; radar can see the vehicle through heavy rains, fog or dust.
Hardware 2.5
The updated Hardware version is referred to as 'HW 2.5' (also known as '2.1') ​​released in July 2017, with cars built from August 2017 containing updated hardware. In HW 2.5 there is a secondary node (without GPU) to provide computing power and redundancy of the cable which slightly improves reliability.
Driving features
Tesla requires operators to monitor vehicles at any time, just as the Federal Aviation Administration requires pilots to monitor planes on autopilot. Autopilot includes several capabilities, including adaptive cruise control and lane departure warning.
Software update
Autopilot-enabled cars receive Autopilot software updates wirelessly, together with all other Tesla software updates.
Adaptive shipping control
Autopilot has the ability to follow other cars, keep a safe distance from it because of its speed and slow down. Can observe the second vehicle in front of the following vehicles. It also slows down on tight bends and when a car crosses the road in front of it. It can be activated at any speed above 17 mph. By default, it sets limits on the current speed limit of plus/minus offsets specified by the driver.
Alerts
Autopilot warns drivers in various situations, such as a surprising situation on the road or a lack of excessive attention by the driver. If the driver rejects three audio warnings within an hour, Autopilot is disabled until the car is parked. This prevents experienced drivers from over-reliance on internal security features. At speeds below 8 mph on a divided road, the Autopilot works seamlessly without the driver's hand at the wheel. Below 45 mph free hand is allowed for five minutes, unless the car detects lateral acceleration. Free hands above 45 mph are allowed for three minutes if following another vehicle or one minute without following the car.
Autopark/Summon Autopark/Summon
Autopark moved the car into the parking lot, while Summon pushed him out. The configuration settings control the maximum distance, side cleansing, and bumper cleaning. This feature enables Homelink to open and close garage doors and is available using a fob or Tesla mobile app. In March 2017, Summon is available in "beta" for HW2. Controls include bumper, side clearance, and summon distance.
Autosteer
The autosteer directs the car to stay on whatever path it contains (known as lane-keeping). With HW1, it can also safely alter the path as directed by a tap of a turn signal. In May 2017, HW2 was limited to 90 mph (145 km/h) on highways and previously 35 mph (56 km/h) speed limits on non-highway roads were removed, instead of being limited to five above the speed limit or 45 mph (72 km/h) if no speed limit is detected.
Security features
Autopilot can detect potential front or side collisions with other vehicles, bicycles or pedestrians within a distance of 525 feet (160 m), if one is found to sound warning. Autopilot has automatic emergency braking that detects objects that can affect the car and activate the brakes. Autopilot can also automatically adjust the high/low spotlight when nighttime lighting changes.
Help speed
The front-facing camera detects a speed limit mark and displays the current limit on the dashboard or middle view. Limit compared to GPS data if no signs are present.
Public debate
Some industry experts have raised questions about the legal status of autonomous driving in the US and whether Tesla owners will violate current state regulations when using the Autopilot function. Some states that have passed laws allow autonomous cars on the road, limiting their use for testing purposes; not for use by the general public. Also, there is a question about the obligation for an autonomous car if there is an error. A Tesla spokesman said there was "nothing in our autopilot system that goes against the current rules." "We did not get rid of the pilot, it's about getting rid of the driver from boring tasks so they can focus and provide better input." Google's director of self-driving cars said he did not think there were regulatory blocks during self-driving vehicles meeting with crash tests and other safety standards. A spokesman for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) said that "any autonomous vehicle will need to meet applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards" and NHTSA "will have appropriate policies and regulations to ensure the safety of this type of vehicle. "
According to Elon Musk, "We really designed Model S to be a very sophisticated computer on wheels.Tesla is a software company, just like a hardware company.Many large parts of Tesla are Silicon Valley software companies.We see this same as updating your phone or laptop. "Full autonomy is" really a software limitation: Hardware exists to create full autonomy, so it's really about developing sophisticated and narrow AIs for cars to operate. "
The focus of Autopilot development is on "an increasingly sophisticated nerve network that can operate in a fair-sized computer in a car". According to Musk, "cars will learn from time to time", including from other cars. Initial data after 47 million miles of driving in Autopilot mode indicates an accident probability of at least 50% lower when using Autopilot. However, Ars Technica notes that the brake system tends to start slower than predicted by some drivers. One of the drivers claimed that Tesla's Autopilot failed to brake, resulting in a collision. Tesla shows that the driver disables the cruise control of the car before the accident. Ars Technica also noted that the semi-automatic track changes; the driver must activate the turn signal for the car to start the path change.
Tesla's Autopilot with Hardware version 1 (HW1) can be classified as a place between levels 2 and 3 under the National Transportation Highway Transportation Administration of the US Department of Transport (NHTSA) five-level automobile automation. At this level, the car can act autonomously but requires the driver to be prepared to take control on the spot. HW1 only fits on restricted access roads, and will sometimes fail to detect track markers and release itself. In urban driving systems will not read traffic signals or obey stop signs. The system also does not detect pedestrians or cyclists, and when AP1 detects motorcycles, there are two examples of AP rear end bikes.
There was significant controversy over the media response to the fatal Tesla accident described at the bottom. While a large number of errors are given to Tesla for the failure of the Autopilot system, it should be noted that the system at the time of the crash is in beta phase and is not ready for widespread public use, and also requires drivers to make sure that their hands remain at the wheel at all times, and be prepared to continue manual driving at any time. Therefore, when used as auxiliary feature (as referred to by Tesla), some hold the view that Autopilot can only improve road safety, assuming it does not lull the driver to a lack of careless attention.
Autopilot has the potential to save the lives of a pedestrian in Washington, D.C. on the night of July 17, 2016, and played an important role in a medical emergency involving 37-year-old Joshua Neally in the same month. Neally drove the Tesla Model X when he suffered from pulmonary embolism that caused intense panic and made him unable to drive. Autopilot used abnormally to move most of the highway to the local hospital. In the off-ramp, Neally takes over the car and goes to the emergency room.
Legal challenge
Tesla's Autopilot faces a class action lawsuit brought in in 2017 that claims the second-generation Autopilot Enhanced system "maliciously damaged." The lawsuit was finalized in 2018.
Incident
Handan, China (January 20, 2016)On January 20, 2016, Tesla Model S driver in Handan, China was killed when their car hit a stationary truck. Tesla followed the car on the far left lane of the multi-lane highway; the car in front moved to the right lane to avoid trucks stopping on the left shoulder, and Tesla, who is believed to be the driver's father in Autopilot mode, did not slow down before colliding with the truck stop. According to records captured by dash cameras, the stationary road sweeper on the left side of the toll road partially extends to the leftmost lane, and the driver does not seem to respond to unexpected obstacles.
In September 2016, the media reported that the driver's family had filed a lawsuit in July against a Tesla dealer selling cars. The family lawyer stated that the lawsuit was intended "to inform the public that the driving technology itself has some defects.We hope Tesla, when marketing his product, will be more cautious.Not only use his own driving as a selling point for young people." Tesla released a statement saying they "have no way of knowing whether or not the Autopilot was involved at the time of the accident" because the telemetry of the car could not be taken remotely because of damage caused by the accident. Telemetry is recorded locally to the SD card and given to Tesla, which describes it and provides that data to third parties for independent review. Tesla added that "while third-party assessments have not been completed, we have no reason to believe that the Autopilot on this vehicle has ever functioned other than the one designed."
Williston, Florida (May 7, 2016)
The first known fatal accident involving Tesla involved in the Autopilot mode took place in Williston, Florida, on May 7, 2016. The driver was killed in an accident with an 18-wheel tractor trailer.
At the end of June 2016, the National Highway Traffic Safety Agency (NHTSA) opened an official inquiry into the accident, working with the Florida Highway Patrol. According to NHTSA, preliminary reports indicate an accident occurred when the tractor-trailer turned left in front of Tesla at the intersection on an uncontrolled access highway, and the car failed to apply the brakes. The car continued to run after passing under a truck trailer. The Tesla diagnostic log shows it traveling at a speed of 74 mi/h (119 km/h) when it collides with and travels underneath the trailer, which is not equipped with a side underrun protection system. The collision that hit Tesla's greenhouse, smashed everything on the beltline, and caused a fatal injury to the driver. About nine seconds after colliding with the trailer, Tesla traveled another 886.5 feet (270.2 m) and came to rest after colliding with two chain link-link fences and power lines.
The NHTSA preliminary evaluation was opened to examine the design and performance of the automated drive system used at the time of the accident, involving a population of approximately 25,000 Model S. cars. On July 8, 2016, NHTSA requested Tesla Inc. to submit detailed information to the agency about the design, operation and testing of its Autopilot technology. The agency also requested details of all design changes and updates for Autopilot since its introduction, and Tesla's planned update is scheduled for the next four months.
According to Tesla, "neither autopilots nor drivers pay attention to the white side of the tractor-trailer against the bright sky, so the brakes are not applied." The car was trying to drive at full speed under the trailer, "with the bottom of the trailer affecting the Model S. windscreen" Tesla also stated that this is the first known death of Autopilot Tesla in over 130 million miles (208 million km) driven by its customers while Autopilot is enabled. According to Tesla there is the death of every 94 million miles (150 million km) among all types of vehicles in the US It is estimated that billions of miles will need to be lived before Tesla Autopilot can claim safer than humans with statistical significance (though less than billions of miles would be required if Tesla Autopilot is more dangerous). The researchers say that Tesla and others need to release more data on the limitations and performance of automated driving systems if self-driving cars become safe and adequately understood for mass market usage.
The truck driver told the Associated Press that he could hear the movie Harry Potter playing in a falling car, and said the car was driving so fast that "he went so fast through my trailer I did not see him." "It still plays when he dies and snaps a telephone pole a quarter mile down the road." According to the Florida Highway Patrol, they found in the ruins of upscale portable DVD players. It is not possible to watch videos on the Model S. touchscreen. A laptop computer was found during post-crash accident examinations, along with an adjustable laptop vehicle mount mounted on the front passenger seat frame. NHTSA concluded that the laptop may be installed and the driver may have been disturbed at the time of the accident.
In July 2016, the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) announced it had opened an official investigation into the fatal accident while Autopilot was involved. NTSB is an investigative body that only has the power to make policy recommendations. A spokeswoman for the agency said, "It is worth looking at and seeing what we can learn from the event, so when the automation is introduced more broadly, we can do it in the safest way possible." NTSB is open annually around 25 to 30 highway investigations. In September 2017, the NTSB released its report, which determined that "the probable cause of the Williston, Florida, accident was the failure of truck drivers to generate the right way to the car, combined with the lack of car driver's attention due to over-reliance on vehicle automation, resulting in a lack of driver response car to truck presence Contribute to automobile dependence on automobile automation is the operational design, which enables the prolonged release of driving duties and use of automation in an inconsistent manner with guides and warnings from producers. "
In January 2017, the NHTSA Disability Investigation Office (ODI) released an initial evaluation, found that the driver in the accident had seven seconds to see the truck and identified no defects in the Autopilot system; ODI also found that Tesla's car accident rate fell by 40 percent after the Autosteer installation, but later also explained that it did not assess the effectiveness of this technology or whether it was involved in the accident rate comparison. The NHTSA Special Accident Investigation Team published its report in January 2018. According to the report, for motorists leading to accidents, drivers use Autopilot for 37 minutes and 26 seconds, and the system gives 13 "undetected signatures" warning, to which the driver responds after a flat delay 16 seconds. The report concludes "Regardless of the operational status of ADAS Tesla technology, the driver is still responsible for maintaining final control of the vehicle.All the evidence and data collected concluded that the driver forgot to retain full control of Tesla leading to the accident."
Culver City, California (January 22, 2018)
On January 22, 2018, Tesla Model S hit a fire truck parked on the I-405 freeway side in Culver City, California while traveling at speeds exceeding 50 mph (80 km/h) and the driver survived. The driver said he was using Autopilot, according to Culver City Fire Department, which reported an accident on Twitter at about 8:30 A.M. Fire trucks and California Highway Patrol vehicles were parked on emergency lanes and left carpool tracks south of 405, blocking the previous crash scene, with emergency lights on.
Autopilot may not detect stationary vehicles at highway speeds and can not detect some objects. Other advanced driver driving systems have similar limitations. Raj Rajkumar, who studies autonomous drive systems at Carnegie Mellon University, believes the radar used for Autopilot was designed to detect moving objects, but "not very good at detecting stationary objects". Both NTSB and NHTSA have sent a team to investigate the accident. Hod Lipson, director of Columbia University's Creative Machines Lab, blamed the diffusion of the concept of responsibility: "If you give the same responsibility to two people, each of them will feel safe to drop the ball.No one must be 100%. "
Mountain View, California (March 23, 2018)
On March 23, 2018, the second death of the US Autopilot occurred in Mountain View, California. The accident happened just before 9:30 AM. south of US 101 at the exit of the carpool lane for Southbound Highway 85, in a concrete barrier where the left-handed offramp separates from 101. After Model X hits a narrow concrete barrier, it is hit again by the next two vehicles, and then it caught fire.
Both NHTSA and NTSB are investigating accidents in March 2018. Other drivers from Model S indicate that the Autopilot seems confused by the street line in April 2018. The horror in front of the barrier is marked by a deviating white line (vee form); The Autosteer feature of Model S seems to incorrectly use the left side white line instead of the right-handed white line as the path marking the leftmost path, which will cause Model S to be the same concrete barrier having the driver uncontrolled. Ars Technica concludes "that when Autopilot improves, drivers can become increasingly satisfied and pay less attention to the road."
In a company blog post, Tesla noted the impact of the attenuator separating offramp from US 101 had previously been destroyed and not replaced before the Model X crash on March 23. This post also states that the Autopilot is engaged at the time of the accident, and the driver's hand is not detected manipulating the steering wheel for six seconds before the collision. Vehicle data indicates that the driver has a five-second and 150-meter concrete barrier (490 ft), [...] but the vehicle log indicates that no action is taken. "The NTSB investigation has focused on damaged impact attenuators and vehicle fires after a collision, but after a reported driver complained about the Autopilot function, NTSB announced it would investigate" all aspects of this accident including previous drivers. worries about autopilot. "A NTSB spokesman said the organization was" unhappy with the release of Tesla's investigation information. "Elon Musk dismissed the criticism, tweets that NTSB is an" advisory body "and that" Tesla released critical crash data affecting public security immediately & will always. To do otherwise would be unsafe. "In response, NTSB removed Tesla as a party to the investigation on April 11.
NTSB released its preliminary report on June 7, 2018, which provides telemetry recorded from Model X and other factual details. The autopilot was involved continuously for almost nineteen minutes before the accident occurred. In the minutes before the accident, the driver's hand was detected on the steering wheel for 34 seconds in total, but his hand was not detected for six seconds immediately before the accident. Seven seconds before the accident, Tesla began driving to the left and following the main vehicle; four seconds before the accident, Tesla is no longer following the main vehicle; and for three seconds before the accident, Tesla's speed increased to 70.8 mi/h (113.9 km/h). The driver wore a seat belt, and was pulled from the vehicle before being engulfed in flames. The previous accident attachment broke down on March 12 and has not been replaced at the time of Tesla's accident.
South Jordan, Utah (May 11, 2018)
On May 11, 2018, Tesla Model S with Autopilot involved crashing into the back of a fire truck stop at a red light in South Jordan, Utah. Tesla moves about 60 miles/h (97 km/h) and does not look brakes or tries to avoid its impact, according to witnesses. Tesla's driver, who survived the collision with a broken leg, admitted he was seeing his phone before the accident.
See also
- Nissan Propilot
References
External links
- "Testing (Semi) Autonomous Cars With Tesla, Cadillac, Hyundai, and Mercedes". Motor Trends . 2016-07-05. Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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