Angels Flight is a narrow-banded lane of 2Ã, ftÃ, 6Ã, in ( 762Ã, mm ) in the Bunker Hill district of Downtown Los Angeles, California. He has two fun cars, Sinai and Olivet , running in the opposite direction of the joint cable on 298 feet (91 m) of railroad.
The cable car has been operating in two different places, using the same car and station elements. The original Angels flight location, with tracks connecting Hill Street and Olive Street, operated from 1901 until closed in 1969, when the site was opened for redevelopment.
The location of the Second Angel flight opened half a block south of its original location in 1996, with lines connecting Hill Street and the California Plaza. It was closed in 2001, after a fatal accident, and took nine years to start operations again. The train resumed operations on March 15, 2010. It was closed again from June 10, 2011, until July 5, 2011, and then again after a small release incident on September 5, 2013. The 2013 incident investigation led to the discovery of a potentially serious security problem both in the design and rope-driven operations. Prior to the 2013 service suspension, the one-time fee was 50 cents (25 cents for Metro pass holders). After the security upgrade is complete, Flight Angel reopens for public service on August 31, 2017, now charged $ 1.00 for a one-way trip (50 cents for metro pass holders).
Although it is marketed primarily as a tourist novelty, it is often used by local workers to travel between Downtown Historic Core and Bunker Hill. In 2015, the executive director of the nearby REDCAT art center described the train as an important "economic relationship", and there is pressure for the city to fund and reopen the railroad.
Video Angels Flight
Penerbangan Angels asli
Built in 1901 with funding from Colonel J.W. Eddy, as the "Los Angeles Incline Railway", Angels Flight began in the west corner of Hill Street in Third and ran two blocks up (northwest) toward the Olive Street terminal. The Angels plane consisted of two vermillion "boarding stations" and two cars, named Sinai and Olivet , pulling a steep slope with a machine-driven metal cable at the upper Olive Street station. When one car goes up, the other goes down, brought down by gravity. The gate labeled "Angels Flight" welcomes passengers at the entrance of Hill Street, and this name became the official name of a train in 1912 when the California Funding Company bought a train from its founder.
The original Angels flight is a conventional electric tram, with both cars connected to the same transport cable. Unlike the more modern funikular, it does not have a brake to use when there is cable damage, but it has a separate safety cable that will be used in case of damage to the main cable. It is operated for 68 years with a good security record.
During the operation at its original location, the train was owned and operated by six additional companies following Colonel Eddy. In 1912 Eddy sold the train to the Funding Company of Los Angeles which in turn sold it to the Continental Securities Company in 1914. Robert W. Moore, an engineer for Continental Securities, bought Angels Flight in 1946. In 1952 Lester B. Moreland and Byron Linville a prominent banker at Security First National Bank bought it from Moore and the following year the Lester B. Moreland family bought Byron Linville's interest on the Railway, becoming a sole shareholder. In 1962, the city forced Moreland to sell despite a curse and the city's redevelopment agency hired Oliver & The Williams Elevator Company runs it until it closes on May 18, 1969. The next day the demolition begins and the cars are moved to be stored in the warehouse. The railway arches, station houses, drinking fountains, and other artifacts are taken to an outdoor storage yard in Gardena, California. [1]
The only death involving the original Angels Flight took place in the fall of 1943, when a sailor who attempted to walk on the path itself was destroyed under one of the cars.
In November 1952, the Beverly Hills Parlor of the Native Daughters of the Golden West set up a plaque to commemorate fifty years of service by rail. The plaque reads:
Built in 1901 by Colonel J.W. Eddy, lawyer, engineer, and friend of President Abraham Lincoln, Angels Flight is said to be the shortest shortest train in the world. The offset car, controlled by a cable, took the 33 percent class to 315 feet. It is estimated that the Angels Flight has transported more passengers per mile than any other train in the world, more than a hundred million in the first fifty years. This railway line is a public utility operating under a franchise granted by the City of Los Angeles.
In 1962, at its first meeting, the city's new Cultural Heritage Council appointed Angels Flight, the Los Angeles Cultural Historical Monument (No. 4), along with four other locations. Los Angeles initially enacted the law of conservation, and the first site chosen respectively "is considered endangered to some extent," according to the council's history, now the Commission on Cultural Heritage.
Maps Angels Flight
Unpack
The railway line closed on May 18, 1969 when the Bunker Hill area underwent a controversial total rebuild that devastated and displaced a community of nearly 22,000 working-class families who rented rooms in architecturally significant but damaged buildings to modern districts using various kinds of usage. high-rise commercial buildings and modern apartment and condo complexes. Both Car Flight Angels, Sinai and Olivet were then placed in a warehouse at 1200 S. Olive Street, Los Angeles. This is the location of United Business Interface Sid and Linda Kastner. At this location Kastners maintains the private museum "The Bandstand". The Bandstand features a coin operated antique instrument in which one of the cars (Sinai) is on display in the museum. Olivet is stored in the garage. They were kept in this location for 27 years at no cost in anticipation of the recovery and reopening of the railway, which according to the Town Development Agency, which was originally scheduled to take place within two years.
Reconstruction
After being stored for 27 years, the cable car was rebuilt and reopened by the newly formed Angels Flight Railway Foundation on February 24, 1996, half a block south of the original site. Although the original car, Sinai and Olivet , was used, the new track and transport system was designed and built, a redesign that had unfavorable consequences five years later. When rebuilt, the funicular is 91 meters (298.6 feet) long in about 33-percent of the class.
The movement of the car is controlled by the operator inside the station's top house, which is responsible for visually determining that the tracks and vehicles are clearly moving, closing the platform gate, starting the moving car, monitoring the operation of the driven car, observing the car stops at both stations, and collecting rates from passenger. The cars themselves do not carry staff members. Angels Flight was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 13, 2000.
crash 2001
On February 1, 2001, Angels Flight suffered a serious accident that killed a passenger, Leon Praport (age 83), and injured seven others, including Praport's wife, Lola. The accident occurred when the car Sinai , approached the top station, reversed its direction and accelerated downhill in an uncontrolled way to attack the Olivet car near the bottom terminal.
The National Transportation Safety Council (NTSB) investigates the crash and determines that possible causes are improper design and construction of the Funicular Angels Flight drive and the failure of various regulatory bodies to ensure that the rail system complies with initial safety design specifications and safety standards driven cable known. The NTSB further states that the company that designs and builds propulsion, control, braking, and transport systems, Lift Engineering/Yantrak, is no longer in business and that the principal existence of the company is unknown.
Unlike the original, the new funicular uses two separate transport systems (one for each car), with two systems connected to each other, a driving motor, and service brakes with dental gears; it is a failure of the gear gear which is the direct cause of the accident as it effectively breaks the Sinai from both Olivet and load balancing and from the service brake. There is an emergency brake working at the edge of each drum carrier, but due to inadequate maintenance, the emergency brake for both cars is not working, leaving Sinai without any brakes after the physical connection to the service brake. Already lost. Contrary to what might be expected, the new funicular is built without a safety cable or track brake, one of which will prevent accidents; NTSB can not identify other funiculars around the world that operate without any of these safety features.
The records indicate that the emergency brake has been out of operation for 17 to 26 months due to the fact that the normally closed hydraulic solenoid valve has been placed in a location where the design asks for the normal open valve and that the burned solenoid is burned out.
For 17 to 26 months the emergency braking system is not operating, the braking system is tested everyday, but since service brakes and emergency brakes are tested simultaneously, there is no way to know if the emergency brake works without seeing brake pads or hydraulic pressure gauges during testing. The test was always done with Sinai the car goes uphill, which means that when power is cut and brakes applied (as part of the test), Sinai 's momentum causes the car to continue moving uphill short distance (loosen the cable) and then roll back from gravity, jerking the cable tight.
If the emergency brake is working, they will capture Sinai when the cable is snapped strongly, but without the emergency brake, the jerk power caused by the daily test is directed through the spline and to the service brake. In addition, it was found that the original design called for a spline made of AISI 1018 steel on one image and AISI 8822 steel on different images, but it is unlikely that the ambiguity in this design contributed to the accident. However, routine analysis of the oil gear box samples was discontinued in May 1998, despite the fact that the company conducted a test recommending that increased particulate levels in the oil sample ensured more frequent testing. Increased particulate levels may be partly due to the unusual use of splines. Further testing may result in an examination to discover the causes of unusual wear and tear.
In addition to design failure in the transport system, the system was also criticized by the NTSB due to the lack of gates on the car and the absence of parallel roads for emergency evacuation. Funicular suffered serious damage in the accident.
Evaluation
Death and injury can be avoided if any of the following occur:
Fixed
On November 1, 2008, both repaired and repaired Angel Airplane cars, Sinai and Olivet , were put back on track and, on January 16, 2009, testing began on the railroad tracks. On November 20, 2009, another step in the approval process has been reached. On March 10, 2010, California Public Utilities Commission approved a security certificate for trains to start operating again.
The new drive and security system completely replaces the system that caused the fatal 2001 crash. Like the original Angels Flight design and the most traditional electric train system, the new drive system incorporates one main transport cable, with one car mounted on each end. Also like the original design, a second security cable is used. To further improve safety, unlike the original design, every car now has a rail brake system, as a backup for the main emergency backup brake on each of the wheels. Another added security feature is an independent evacuation motor to move the cars should the primary motor fail for any reason.
Reopening and temporary closing
Angel Flight reopened to the public for riding on March 15, 2010. Local media covered the event with interest. Just a month after reopening, Angels Flight has over 59,000 riders. It connects the commercial areas of Historic Core and Broadway with the hill town parks of Bunker Hill California Plaza and the Museum of Contemporary Art - MOCA. The one-time fee at that time was 50 cents, 25 cents with a TAP card.
On June 10, 2011, the California Public Utilities Commission ordered the Angels Flight to immediately stop the operation due to wearing steel wheels on both cars. The inspectors decided that their fifteen-year-old wheel needed to be replaced. It reopened on July 5, 2011, after eight new custom-made steel wheels were mounted on two cars.
accident 2013
On September 5, 2013, one car stopped near the center of the lane. One passenger climbed into a slipping car, and five passengers boarded another car. No injuries. Passengers must be rescued from the car by firefighters. Brake safety systems have been skipped with small tree branches.
The National Transportation Safety Council determines the possible cause of the September 5, 2013 accident, is a deliberate bypass of a cable-driven security system with knowledge of Angels Flight management; and Angels Aviation management is continuing its revenue operations despite prolonged and repeated system blackouts.
NTSB also noted the problem with the basic design: "Car body and wheel assemblies are not articulated." The passage on the track involves a short bend that allows the cars to pass each other. The axle does not rotate along the track, resulting in the flange wheel rubbing against the rails, causing excessive wheel wear. This problem, combined with a security system problem that causes unwanted track brake rolling, results in derailment.
2017 reopen
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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