An aviation accident is defined by the Convention on International Civil Aviation Appendix 13 as an event related to the operation of an aircraft, occurring between the time when a person boarded a plane with flight destinations until all of those persons had descended, at where a person is seriously injured or seriously injured, the aircraft suffered damage or structural failure or the plane lost or completely inaccessible. If the aircraft is destroyed or badly damaged so it must be wiped out, it is further defined as a gastric loss accident. Annex 13 further defines the flight incident as an event, other than an accident, related to the operation of aircraft affecting or may affect the safety of operations.
The first fatal accident victim was a RoziÃÆ'¨re balloon collision near Wimereux, France, on June 15, 1785, killing the inventor Jean-FranÃÆ'§ois PilÃÆ'Â ¢ tre de Rozier and other inmates, Pierre Romain. The first involved a powerful aircraft was the fall of the Wright Model A plane at Fort Myer, Virginia, in the United States on September 17, 1908, injuring its inventor and pilot, Orville Wright, and killing passengers, Lieutenant Signal Corps. Thomas Selfridge.
Video Aviation accidents and incidents
Big disaster
September 11 terrorist attacks
2,996: The most lethal flight-related disaster in any form, considering the loss of life on the plane or on the ground, was the destruction of the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001. That morning the four planes traveling on transcontinental flights from East Coast to California airport was hijacked after takeoff, and was used in four separate suicide attacks against major American landmarks by 19 Islamist terrorists affiliated with Al Qaeda. American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 deliberately crash into North and South Towers each from the World Trade Center, destroying both buildings in less than two hours. The World Trade Center crash killed 2,753, most of whom were victims of the World Trade Center towers or emergency personnel responding to the disaster. In addition, 184 were killed by American Airlines Flight 77 that crashed into the Pentagon (causing severe damage and partial destruction to the west side of the building). 40 passengers were also killed when United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into Somerset County Pennsylvania field after passengers fought and prevented the hijackers from reaching their intended target. This caused the total number of victims of the 11 September attacks to 2,996 (including 19 terrorist hijackers).
Tenerife disaster
583: The Tenerife airport disaster, which occurred on March 27, 1977, remains an accident with the passengers dead most. 583 people were killed when KLM Boeing 747 attempted to take off without flight permission, and collided with an Am 747 taxi at Los Rodeos Airport on the Canary Island in Tenerife, Spain. No survivors from KLM plane; 61 of the 396 passengers and crew on the Pan Am plane survived. Pilot errors are a major cause, as the KLM captain starts to run off without getting air traffic control permission. The contributing factor is the thick fog. The KLM flight crew could not see the Pan Am plane on the runway until just before the collision. The accident has a lasting influence on the industry, especially in the field of communications. The increased emphasis is placed on the use of standard phraseology in air traffic control (ATC) communication by either the controller or the pilot. "Cockpit Resource Management" has also been incorporated into crew training. The captain is no longer considered perfect, and the combined input of the crew is encouraged during the aircraft operation.
Flight JAL 123
520: Japan Airlines Flight Flight 123 on August 12, 1985, was the single air disaster with the highest number of deaths: 520 people were killed on a Boeing 747 aircraft. The aircraft experienced explosive decompression of the wrongly repaired stern pressure bulkhead, which failed in the middle of the flight, destroyed most of the vertical stabilizers and disconnected all the hydraulic channels, making the 747 almost out of control. The pilot was able to keep the aircraft for 32 minutes after mechanical failure before crashing into the mountain. All 15 crew members and 505 of the 509 passengers were killed. The death toll was exacerbated by delays in rescue operations. Although some people survived the impact, when the Japanese rescue team arrived at the crash site, but four people had succumbed to their injuries.
1996 Charkhi Dadri collision in the air
349: On November 12, 1996, the world's deadliest air collision was the Charkhi Dadri air collision involving Saudia Flight 763 and Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 over Charkhi Dadri, India. The collision was mainly the result of a Kazakh pilot that flew lower than the specified permit height. All 349 passengers and crew were both killed. The Ramesh Commission Chandra Lahoti, empowered to study the cause, recommended the creation of a "semicircle rule", to prevent aircraft in opposite directions at the same height. The Civil Aviation Authority in India requires all aircraft to fly in and out of India to be equipped with the Traffic Avoidance System (TCAS), setting a worldwide precedent for TCAS compulsory use.
Another damage with 200 or more deaths
346: On March 3, 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 981, McDonnell Douglas DC-10, crashed in a forest in northeastern Paris, France. The plane bound for London crashed shortly after takeoff from Orly airport; all 346 people in it were killed. Then it is determined that the cargo door is separated, causing an explosive decompression; this causes the floor above to collapse. The collapsed floor cuts the control cable, which leaves the pilot without elevator control, steering, and no. 2. The plane fell to a steep waterfall and fell. It was the deadliest plane crash of all time until the disaster of Tenerife in 1977.
329: On June 23, 1985, Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747-237B crashed off Ireland's southwest coast when a bomb exploded in a cargo room. All 307 passengers and 22 crew members were killed. One passenger has been checked as "M. Singh". Singh did not get on the plane. However, his suitcase containing the bomb was loaded onto the plane. "Mr Singh" was never identified or captured. Later these Sikh extremists were denied behind the bombings in retaliation for the Indian government's attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar city, which is very important for Sikhs. This was, at the time, the deadliest terrorist attack involving aircraft.
301: On August 19, 1980, Flight Saudi Arabia Airlines 163, Lockheed L-1011 became the deadliest aviation accident in the world that did not involve an accident. The crew made an emergency landing in Riyadh after a fire broke out in the rear luggage compartment. The fire burned through the ceiling of the compartment and into the passenger cabin. While the crew managed to land the plane safely, the captain did not stop immediately and ordered the evacuation. He slid off the runway instead, at which point everyone in the cabin became unconscious because of the smoke and could not open the door or evacuate. All 301 passengers and crew died from suffocation before the rescue crew could open any door, after which the plane burned and burned down.
298: On July 17, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, Boeing 777-200ER, flew from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur with 298 people in it, shot down in the Eastern Ukraine area near Ukraine/Russian Border during armed conflict between the Ukrainian army and the pro-Russian separatists. There were 283 passengers, including 3 babies, and 15 crew members on the MH17 ship, all of them dead. The crew are all Malaysians, while passengers come from various countries, mostly from the Netherlands. According to Dutch reports, high-energy objects hit the plane in the air, causing it to break. According to preliminary reports from the international investigative commission, the plane was shot down most likely by pro-Russian forces using surface-to-air missiles fired from the territory of Ukraine they control. This is the deadliest accident involving Boeing 777.
290: On July 3, 1988, the Iranian Air Flight 655, the Iranian Airbus A300-200 aircraft, was shot down by two surface-to-air missiles from a US naval vessel guided by USS
275: On February 19, 2003, Iranian military Ilyushin Il-76 crashed in a mountainous area near Kerman in Iran. Official reports say bad weather makes airplanes fall; strong winds and fog are present at the time of the accident.
273: On May 25, 1979, American Airlines Flight 191, A McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10, crashed shortly after take-off at Chicago O'Hare Airport after engine number one (left) and pylon apart from the wings. This disconnects the hydraulic line, causing the leading edge lifting device to retract the side of the aircraft and result in an asymmetrical lift and loss of control. The accident was due to improper maintenance procedures. The accident caused the deaths of 271 passengers and crew, as well as two people on land. It remains the deadliest commercial aircraft crash in US history, and was also the deadliest flight disaster in the country until the September 11, 2001 attacks.
270: On December 21, 1988, Pan Am Flight 103, Boeing 747-121 headed to New York-JFK from London-Heathrow with continued service to Detroit, was destroyed by a terrorist bomb above the town of Lockerbie, Scotland. All 243 passengers and 16 crew, and 11 people on the ground (all residents Sherwood Crescent, Lockerbie), died, making it the worst terrorist attack involving aircraft in Britain and the deadliest terrorist attacks on British territory. After the accident, the Federal Aviation Administration enacted new security measures on American airlines flying from 103 airports in Western Europe and the Middle East.
269: On September 1, 1983, the Sukhoi Su-15 Soviet interceptor shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Boeing 747-230B, to Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, South Korea, after flying into Soviet airspace ; all 269 passengers and crew were killed.
265: On November 12, 2001, American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300, crashed in the neighborhood of Belle Harbor Queens, New York, right after leaving John F. Kennedy International Airport to Las Amà © Å © International Airport ricas , Santo Domingo. The first officer to use steering too often in response to the turbulence of Japan Airlines 747 was cited as the cause. All 260 people in it, as well as five people on the ground, died from the accident. This is the second deadliest aviation accident in the US, after American Airlines Flight 191.
264: On April 26, 1994, China Airlines Flight 140 was finishing a routine flight and approach at Nagoya Airport, Japan, when First Officer Airbus A300B4-622R accidentally hit the Takeoff/Go-around button that raised throttle positions to the same as takeoff and go-arounds. The action and reaction of the two pilots resulted in an accident that killed 264 (15 crew and 249 passengers) of 271 people in it.
261: On July 11, 1991, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120, a Douglas DC-8-61 aircraft operated by Nationair Canada, crashed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, after two tires were ignited during take-off, to the fire inside the plane. All 247 passengers and 14 crew members were killed. This is the deadliest aviation accident involving DC-8, the largest aviation disaster involving Canada-registered aircraft and the second worst accident in Saudi Arabia.
257: On April 11, 2018, the Algerian Il-76 Air Force plane fell shortly after taking off from Boufarik Airport, killing all 247 passengers and 10 crew inside.
257: On November 28, 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901, Antarctic excursion flight, collided with Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica, killing all 237 passengers and 20 crew in it. The crew has not been told that the computer coordinates for the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 flight path have been changed the previous night, directing direct flights to Mount Erebus rather than the normal path to McMurdo Sound.
256: On December 12, 1985, a Douglas DC-8, Arrow Air Flight 1285, carrying American military personnel in a chartered flight home for Christmas, crashed in Newfoundland; all 248 passengers and 8 crew members were killed. The Canadian Aviation Safety Board investigating the cause of the accident issued two different reports: a majority report mentioned ice on the wing as the cause of the accident; minority reports indicate an explosion is a possible cause.
239: On March 8, 2014, Boeing 777-200ER, Flight Malaysia Airlines 370, flying from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to Beijing, China, lost contact with air traffic controllers in the South China Sea, deviating from planned route, and allegedly lost in the South Indian Ocean. It carries 12 Malaysian crew and 227 passengers from 15 countries. The multinational search effort, the most extensive and costly in aviation history, has so far failed to locate them, although the wreckage of the plane was discovered on July 29, 2015, on RÃÆ'Â Â © union Island. Many theories have been offered to explain the loss of flight, but nothing is confirmed.
234: On September 26, 1997, an Airbus A300B4-220, Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, departing from Jakarta, Indonesia, and preparing to land in Medan, North Sumatra, fell into the mountains, killing 222 passengers and 12 crew members. Causes include turn left, not right as ordered by ATC and drop below the specified 2,000 feet altitude due to pilot error.
230: On July 17, 1996, a Boeing 747-131, TWA Flight 800, carrying 212 passengers and 18 crew, exploded and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York, shortly after departing from the Airport International John F. Kennedy on flights to Paris and Rome. A long investigation concluded that the probable cause of the accident was shorted in a fuel tank containing an explosive mixture of fuel and air. As a result, new requirements are developed to prevent future fuel tank explosions on aircraft.
229: On September 2, 1998, McDonnell Douglas MD-11, Swissair Flight 111, carrying 215 passengers and 14 crew from New York City to Geneva, Switzerland crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, all passengers. After a lengthy investigation, an official report stated that combustible materials were used in aircraft structures, particularly the Personal TV System recently installed in the Business Class Cabin, allowing fire to spread, leading to loss of control.
228: On June 1, 2009, an Airbus A330-203, Air France Flight 447, carrying 216 passengers and 12 crew, was en route from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Paris, France, when it crashed into the Ocean Atlantic. Aircraft flight recorders were not recovered from the seabed until May 2011, and a final investigative report was released in July 2012. It determined that the disaster might be caused by a pitot tube plane blocked by ice crystals, causing the autopilot to disconnect.. The crew reacted incorrectly, leading to an aerodynamic stall from which the jets did not recover.
228: On August 6, 1997, a Boeing 747-3B5, Korean Air Flight 801, crashed as it approached the international airport in the United States of Guam, killing 228 of its 254 people. Factors contributing to the accident were fatigue and faults by the crew, inadequate flight crew training, and modification of airport alerts warning systems that prevented it from detecting aircraft below minimum safe height.
227: On January 8, 1996, an Antonov An-32B plane with 6 crew members boarded the runway at Kahemba Airport and hit the market. Four on the board survived but 225 people on the ground were killed and an estimated 500 people were injured (estimated 253 seriously). This is an accident with the most non-passenger on land (excluding 9/11). Commonly known as the 1997 Air Africa accident.
225: On 25 May 2002, Boeing 747-209B, China Airlines Flight 611, to Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong, was destroyed in the air and hit the Taiwan Straits 20 minutes after take-off from Chiang Kai International Airport -shek (now Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport) in Taiwan. It was stipulated that the accident, which killed all 206 passengers and 19 crew members on board, was caused by an undue improvement on the plane 22 years earlier when the plane suffered a tail attack.
224: On October 31, 2015, an Airbus A321-231, Flight of Metrojet 9268, crashed on the Sinai Peninsula after leaving the Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport, Egypt, en route to Pulkovo Airport, Saint Petersburg, Russia. All 217 passengers and 7 crew members were killed. A branch of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for dropping the jet, and a Russian inquiry concluded that a bomb was detonated inside a plane at high altitudes.
223: On May 26, 1991, a Boeing 767-3Z9ER, Lauda Air Flight 004, broke off in the middle of the air in a remote area of ​​Thailand due to the spread of thrust reversal on one of its engines, killing all 213 passengers and 10 crew on board. The flight, originating from Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong, and a stopover at Don Mueang International Airport in Bangkok, Thailand, was on its way to Vienna International Airport, Vienna, Austria, when the accident occurred.
217: On October 31, 1999, a Boeing 767-366ER, EgyptAir Flight 990, flew from Los Angeles International Airport, USA, to Cairo International Airport, Egypt, stopping at John F. Kennedy International Airport , New York City, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on the southern island of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing all 203 passengers and 14 crewmen. The National Transportation Safety Council determined that the probable cause of the accident was a deliberate act by the first officer of aid in response to his dismissal of international services in Egypt, a finding disputed by Egyptian authorities who maintained the other cause of the accident.
213: On January 1, 1978, a Boeing 747-237B, Air India Flight 855, crashed into the Arabian Sea off Bombay, India, killing all 190 passengers and 23 crewmen inside. The investigation concluded that the captain became confused after the failure of one of the flight instruments in the cockpit, which led to "irrational control input" that caused the plane to crash.
203: On February 16, 1998, an Airbus A300B4-622R, China Airlines Flight 676, en route from Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali, Indonesia, to Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (now Taoyuan International Airport) Taiwan, striking roads and settlements in Taoyuan, Taiwan, killing 182 passengers, 14 crewmen and 7 on the ground. The investigation determined that when the control tower ordered the pilot to cancel his landing and "wandered" for the second attempt, the pilot, accidentally releasing the autopilot plane, did nothing to control the plane for 11 seconds because it seemed to think the autopilot would start its course. As the plane approached the airport, the pilot made a sudden sudden ascent that resulted in a tavern and a collision. China Airlines was also criticized for "insufficient training."
200: On July 10, 1985, Tupolev Tu-154B-2, Flight Aeroflot 7425, on the Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad domestic route, crashed near Uchkuduk, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union, on both legs of its route. All 191 passengers and 9 crew were killed. The investigation concluded that the plane had crashed by pilot error. Air crews use improperly low air velocities, causing wrong vibrations to be interpreted as machine spikes. As a result, they further reduce engine power, causing the aircraft to jam and fall.
Maps Aviation accidents and incidents
Security
In more than a hundred years of implementation, aviation safety has improved considerably. In modern times, two major manufacturers are still producing heavy passenger aircraft for the civil market: Boeing in the United States, and the European company Airbus. Both emphasized the use of aviation safety equipment, which is now a multibillion-dollar industry; for each, safety is the main selling point - realizing that poor safety records in the aviation industry poses a threat to the company's survival. Some of the major security devices now required on commercial aircraft are:
- Evacuation slide - helps passengers get out of the airplane in an emergency
- Advanced avionics - automated recovery and warning systems
- Turbine engine - robustness and repair of failure detention
- Landing gear - which can be lowered even after power loss and hydraulics
Measured on the calculation of passenger distance, air travel is the safest form of transportation available: The figures mentioned are those that are shared by the air industry when citing air safety statistics. A typical statement, for example, by the BBC: "British aviation operations are one of the safest on the go." When compared to all other modes of transport, on 'death by base', air transport is the safest - six times safer than traveling by car, two times safer than a train. "
However, when measured by casualties per person transported, the bus is the safest form of transportation. The number of air travel deaths per person is only surpassed by bicycles and motorcycles. These statistics are used by the insurance industry when calculating insurance rates for air travel.
Every billions of miles traveled, trains have a death rate of 12 times more than air travel; By comparison, the death rate for cars is 62 times greater than air travel. In contrast, for every billion trips, buses are the safest form of transportation. By the last measure, air transport is three times more dangerous than car transport, and almost 30 times more dangerous than buses.
A 2007 study by Popular Mechanics found that passengers sitting behind the plane were 40% more likely to survive an accident than those sitting in the front. Although this article quotes Boeing, the FAA, and the aircraft safety website, all claim there is no "most secure" seat. This article studied 20 accidents, not taking into account the development of security after the accident. However, the flight data recorders are usually installed in the aircraft empennage (tail section), where it is more likely to survive severe accidents.
More than 95% of people on US aircraft had an accident, between 1983 and 2000, survived.
In an effort to prevent incidents such as the loss of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, new standards have been issued for all commercial aircraft to report their positions every 15 minutes to air traffic controllers regardless of country of origin. The regulation is enacted in 2016 by ICAO, and does not require new aircraft equipment as long as airlines comply. This requirement is part of a long-term plan, where by 2020 ICAO will need a new aircraft equipped with a data broadcasting system that air traffic controllers are in constant contact with. The plan is called Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System.
ASRS
The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects reports of aviation safety incidents/situations submitted voluntarily from pilots, controllers, and others. ASRS uses reports to identify system deficiencies, issue warning messages, and generate two publications, CALLBACK , and ASRS Directline . The information collected is publicly available, and is used by the FAA, NASA and other organizations working in aviation research and safety.
Statistics
Aircraft Crash Bureau (B3A)
The Air Force Aircraft Accident Bureau (B3A), a Geneva-based non-governmental organization, collects statistics on aviation crashes capable of carrying more than six passengers, excluding helicopters, balloons and fighter jets. Note that ACRO only considers accidents where the aircraft has suffered such damage so removed from service, which further reduces incident and casualty statistics compared to some other data.
According to ACRO, recent years are much safer for flights, with fewer than 170 incidents annually between 2009 and 2017, compared to 226 that were recently in 1998.
The annual death has been less than 1,000 in nine out of fourteen since 2004, with 2017 experiencing the lowest death rate, at 399, since the end of World War II.
2014 includes loss of MH370 flights over the Indian Ocean (possibly murder, aircraft not found other than small debris drifting on shore) and MH17 flight shootings by pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine as part of the War in Donbass. The total number of deaths by 2014 is 869 more than in 2013.
Deaths and incidents per year under ACRO and Bureau of Aircraft Accident Archives data, as of January 1, 2018:
(Data has changed significantly since November 2015 after major increases to death rates and crash-level web pages.) This may reflect changes between static and dynamic web pages, where data was created to automatically update based on incidents in their archives.)
Annual Flight Flight Reviews (EASA)
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is assigned by Article 15 (4) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 to provide an annual review of aviation safety.
The Annual Safety Review presents European and global civil aviation safety statistics. Statistics are grouped by type of operation, for example, commercial air transport, and aircraft categories, such as airplanes, helicopters, gliders, etc. The agency has access to accident and statistical information collected by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Countries are required, according to ICAO Annex 13, on Aircraft Accidents and Incident Investigations, to report to ICAO information, about serious accidents and incidents to aircraft with mass of maximum certificate takeoff (MTOM) above 2250 kg. Therefore, most of the statistics in this review concern the plane over this mass. In addition to ICAO data, a request was made to EASA Member States to obtain light plane crash data. Furthermore, the aircraft operating data for commercial air transport is obtained from ICAO and NLR Air Transport Safety Institute.
Investigation
Appendix 13 The Chicago Convention provides the International Standards and Recommended Practices that form the basis for accident investigations and airborne incidents by signatory countries, as well as reporting and precautionary measures. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is specifically focused on preventing accidents, rather than determining liabilities.
Australia
In Australia, the Australian Transportation Security Bureau is the federal government agency responsible for investigating transport related accidents and incidents, which include air, sea and rail travel. Formerly an institution of the Department of Infrastructure, Transportation, Regional Development and Local Government, in 2010, in the interest of maintaining its independence, it became an independent agent.
Brazil
In Brazil, the Center for Aeronautical Accident Investigation and Prevention (CENIPA) was established under the Center for the Investigation and Prevention of Aeronautical Accidents, a Brazilian Air Force Military Organization (FAB). The organization is responsible for aircraft accident prevention activities, and investigations into the incidents of civil and military aviation. Formed in 1971, and in accordance with international standards, CENIPA represents a new philosophy: investigations carried out with the sole purpose of promoting "aeronautical accident prevention".
Canada
In Canada, the Canadian Transportation Safety Agency (TSB), is an independent agency responsible for advancing transport safety through the investigation and reporting of accidents and events in all Canadian public transport modes - sea, air, rail and pipeline.
French
In France, the body responsible for the investigation of civil air accidents is the Bureau d'EnquÃÆ'ªtes et d'Analyses pour la SÃÆ'Â © curitÃÆ'Â © de l'Aviation Civile (BEA). The goal is to establish the circumstances and causes of accidents and make recommendations for their future avoidance.
German
In Germany, the agency to investigate air accidents is the Federal Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (BFU). It is the agent of the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. The focus of BFU is to improve safety by determining the cause of accidents and serious incidents and make safety recommendations to prevent a recurrence.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, Civil Aviation Aviation Standards & amp; Airworthiness Division and Accident Investigation Division are accused of investigating accidents involving aircraft in Hong Kong.
India
Until May 30, 2012, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation investigates incidents involving aircraft. Since then, the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau has taken over the responsibility of the investigation.
Italy
Created in 1999 in Italy, the Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo (ANSV), has two main tasks: conducting technical investigations for civilian aircraft accidents and incidents, while issuing appropriate safety recommendations; and conduct studies and surveys aimed at improving flight safety. Organizations are also responsible for establishing and maintaining "voluntary reporting systems." Although not under the supervision of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, the ANSV is a public authority under the supervision of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers of Italy.
Dutch
In the Netherlands, the Dutch Safety Council ( Onderzoeksraad voor Veiligheid ) is responsible for incident and accident investigations, including air accidents. The goal is to improve safety in the Netherlands. The main focus is on situations where civilians rely on government, companies or organizations for their safety. The Council only investigates when incidents or accidents occur and aims to draw lessons from the results of this investigation. The Council of Salvation is objective, impartial and independent in its judgment. The Board will always be critical of all parties concerned.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, the Transportation Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC), is responsible for the investigation of air accidents. "The purpose of the Commission, as set out in its Law, is to determine the circumstances and causes of aviation, rail and maritime accidents, and incidents, with the intention of avoiding similar events in the future, rather than assuming anybody's blame." TAIC will investigate in accordance with appendix 13 of ICAO
Russian
In Russia, the Inter-State Aviation Committee (IAC, MAK in accordance with Russia's real name) is the executive body overseeing the use and management of civil aviation at the Commonwealth of Independent States. The organization investigated air accidents in the former Soviet Union under the umbrella of the Air Accident Investigation Commission of the Inter-American Aviation Committee.
Taiwan
In Taiwan, the Aviation Safety Board (ASC) is an independent government agency responsible for the investigation of aviation accidents. Founded in 1998, ASC is under the Executive Yuan administration and independent of the Civil Aeronautics Administration of Taiwan. The ASC consists of five to seven board members, including chairman and deputy chairperson, designated by the Premier. ASC managing managers manage day-to-day organizational functions, including accident investigations.
United Kingdom
In Britain, the body responsible for the investigation of civil air accidents is the Air Accident Investigation Branch (AAIB) from the Department of Transport. The goal is to establish the circumstances and causes of accidents and make recommendations for their future avoidance.
United States
The incident of civil aviation of the United States was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Agency (NTSB). NTSB officers collect evidence from the crash site to determine possible causes, or causes. NTSB also investigates overseas incidents involving registered aircraft in the US, in collaboration with local investigative authorities, especially when there is a significant loss of American life, or when the aircraft involved is built by Americans.
Retirement flight number
It is common for airlines to stop using flight numbers from fatal accidents, although that is not always the case.
See also
Note
References
Bibliography
- USAF & amp; NATO Report RTO-TR-015 AC/323/(HFM-015)/TP-1 (2001).
Further reading
- Airbus Industrie. Commercial Aviation Accidents, 1958-2014: Statistical Analysis . Blagnac Cedex, France: Airbus, 2015 13p. [1]
- Bordoni, Antonio. Aircraft Aircraft Accident List: Facts, Statistics and Analysis of Civil Accidents since 1951 . Shrewsbury: Airlife, 1997 ISBNÃ, 1853109029 401p.
- S A Cullen MD FRCPath FRAeS. "Injury in a fatal plane crash" (Archive). NATO.
External links
- Flight Safety Network Established in 1996. The ASN Safety Database contains a description of over 15800 aircraft accidents, military aircraft accidents and companies/incidents since 1921.
- Aircraft Accident Accident Bureau Established in 2000. B3A contains a description of more than 22,000 aircraft, military and corporate jet crashes since 1918.
- The National Transportation Safety Board for Accident Accident Flight - by month
- Flight Stats Statistics and geospatial analysis of common aviation accidents.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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