The Chesapeake Bay Bridge (commonly known as "Bay Bridge ") is a major double-span bridge in the US state of Maryland. Stretch the Gulf of Chesapeake, connecting the coastal areas of the countryside countryside with the Western Shore urban. The original range, opened in 1952 and with a length of 4.3 miles (6.9 km), is the longest continuous sea-water structure in the world; parallel span was added in 1973. The bridge was officially named "Gov. William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bridge" after William Preston Lane Jr. who, as Governor of 52 Maryland, began construction in the late 1940s finally after decades of political confusion and public controversy.
This bridge is part of the 50 US Routes (US $ 50) and US $ 301, and serves as an important link on both routes. As part of a cross-country $ 50 US, it connects the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area with Ocean City, Maryland, Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, and other coastal attractions. As part of US $ 301, this serves as part of an alternative route for Interstate 95 travelers, between the northern regions of Delaware and Washington, D.C.,. Because of this connection, the bridge is busy and has been known as a traffic jam point, especially during rush hour and summer.
Video Chesapeake Bay Bridge
Histori
Proposal dan feri
Studies that explore the possibility of building a bridge across the Chesapeake Bay may have been done as early as the 1880s.
The first known proposal appeared in 1907 and called for a cross between Baltimore and Tolchester Beach; Other proposals, which took place in 1918, 1919, 1926, and 1935, also called for a bridge at this location. In 1927, local entrepreneurs were authorized to finance the construction of the Baltimore junction to Tolchester Beach. Plans for the new bridge were made, but construction was canceled following the Stock Market Crisis of 1929 with the collapse of the American economy and resulted in the Great Depression in the 1930s.
The ferry was used as the main mode of transportation across the bay from the colonial period to the completion of the 1952 bridge. The first service runs from Annapolis to Broad Creek on Kent Island, roughly where the bridge is now. In 1919, the Claiborne-Annapolis Ferry Company started a ferry between Annapolis and Claiborne, a community near St. John's. Michaels.
The city is named for the famous Virginia colonial leader and merchant William Charles Cole Claiborne (ca. 1600-c 1677), who competed with the colonial ruler of Maryland, Calverts and Lords Baltimore, at the beginning of the 17th century for trading and networking posts along Chesapeake Bay. Claiborne founded the city in 1631, before 1632 Royal Grant by Charles I, the King of England, to Sir George Calvert, 1st Baron of Baltimore (1579-1632), who was later inherited by his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2 Baron Baltimore (1605- 1675), which belongs to the city. Claiborne caused a lot of controversy and trouble, eventually engaging in the first naval battle in British North America, off Kent Island.
In July 1930, Claiborne-Annapolis Company added a new ferry route, one running from Annapolis to Matapeake, a much shorter distance. Car and passenger ferries were taken over by the State Roads Commission in 1941 (reorganized into the State Highway Administration at Maryland Department of Transportation in 1973). Two years later the commission moved the western end of the old Annapolis-Matapeake ferry to Sandy Point (later adjacent to Sandy Point State Park), shortening the cross-bay journey.
Construction range 1952
The 1938 proposal by the Maryland General Assembly was the first to call a bridge at the Sandy Point-Kent Island location. Although the law permitting the new bridge was passed, the US involvement in World War II delayed the construction of the bridge. In 1947, with the war over, the Assembly, under the leadership of Maryland Governor William Preston Lane Jr., (1892-1967), passed a law directing the old State Road Commission to begin construction. The ground was damaged in January 1949, and after 3 1 / 2 -the year of construction projects, the bridge was opened for then crossing on 30 July 1952, as the longest continuous long standing steel structure, and the third longest bridge in the world. Prior to the opening, the vehicle parade made the first official crossing, led by then Governor Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin, (1900-1974), and other state officials in the white Cadillac convertible flying large American and Maryland flags. On November 9, 1967, the bridge was dedicated to Governor Lane, who had died earlier that year, and was officially renamed "William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bridge". 1973 expansion
In 1967, due to increased volume of traffic, the Maryland General Assembly passed three possible new crossings, all of which were suggested during the 1970 Chesapeake Bay crossing study. This includes one further north near Baltimore, one in southern Maryland, and an additional range to add to the existing bridge from Kent Island to Sandy Point; finally, the third option is selected. The construction of a new parallel range began in 1969 on the north of the original bridge, and was completed on 28 June 1973.
The famous incident
Due to its high, narrow span (no hard shoulders), low guardrail, and high wind frequency, it is known as one of the scariest bridges in the world, especially in the higher tractor-trailer trucks. Several incidents related to the bridge have occurred. In some cases, this has caused significant closure and traffic congestion on both sides of the bridge.
The bridge has been closed four times due to extreme weather. The first time was September 18, 2003, during Hurricane Isabel and strong winds. On August 27, 2011, the bridge was closed for all traffic due to Hurricane Irene impact. Then-Governor Martin O'Malley ordered the bridge closed when the continuous wind exceeded 55 miles per hour (89 km/h). On October 29, 2012, the bridge was closed due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy. On March 6, 2013, during norweger 2013 March, high winds again caused the bridge to close.
On August 10, 2008, a tractor trailer involved in a direct collision near the western end fell from the bridge; the driver died in the accident. The incident has highlighted concerns that the bridge may not be structurally secure, but the Maryland Transport Authority (MDTA) has discounted structural or engineering issues with it. Wall inspection in the weeks after the accident reveals that there is damage in the form of corrosion of steel reinforcement within the obstacles; this pushes an immediate repair to the wall.
Maps Chesapeake Bay Bridge
Specifications and operations
With a long coastline of 4.33 and 4.35 miles (6.97 and 7.00 km), the two bridge spans form the longest standing water crossing in Maryland and also among the longest water structures in the world. The western end of the bridge is located at Sandy Point State Park, located northeast of Annapolis in Anne Arundel County, and its eastern end is in Stevensville on Kent Island in Queen Anne's County.
Structure details
With the exception of the number of paths on each (two in the original range and three in the newer range) and the difference due to the design standards for the period in which they were built, the range is structurally similar. Both were designed by J. E. Greiner Company, who later became part of AECOM through the acquisition of URS Corporation. Every span feature:
- Two main ranges via two bay delivery channels:
- A 3,200-foot (975 m) suspension range over the western channel with a maximum permit of 186 feet (56.7 m) - high enough to accommodate vessels and high ships
- Cantilever through truss along the eastern channel with a maximum distance of 58 feet (18 m)
- Truss deck and steel girder reach flanking the main span
- The concrete beam extends to the section closest to the beach
- Curve near the western edge, required so that the main range across the bay's shipping channel is at 90 degrees per US Army Technician Technician's requirement
Traffic control
The traffic patterns in the five lanes of the bridge can be adjusted through the lane control system, which consists of overhead row control signals in both spans and approaches. Typically, two lanes in the southernmost span are configured for vehicles traveling east east of US $ 50/US $ 301, while three lanes in the northernmost span are configured for vehicles traveling west west of US $ 50/US $ 301; Therefore the ranges are referred to as "eastbound ranges" and "west ranges", respectively. However, this pattern is adjusted during peak incidents or peak travel times: for example, at the beginning of the weekend when there is a high volume of traffic bound to the shore, one lane in the western range is configured for traffic to the east.
In 2006, a pink marker was placed along the eastern span to mark the recommended distance, similar to the system used in Minnesota and Pennsylvania. The marker is part of MDTA's "Pace Your Space" campaign to prevent vehicle collisions and traffic congestion due to transport on the bridge.
In April 2013, changes were made to improve safety in the western landscape during a two-way operation: signs, signs of pavements, and thunderous strips were modified, and buffer zones between left and center lines were made. As a result, the rider can no longer switch between the left and center lines, whether the two-way operation is not working.
Toll and charge
Operated by MDTA, this bridge has a one way (eastward) toll road of $ 4.00 for two-axle vehicles; vehicles with Maryland E-ZPass pay $ 2.50. Previously the bridge had a one way (east) toll road of $ 6.00 for two-axle vehicles (raised from $ 4 on July 1, 2013); vehicles with E-ZPass registered at Bay Bridge Commuter Plan are paid $ 2.10 (raised from $ 1 on July 1, 2013).
MDTA contracts with private companies to provide transportation across bridges for nervous drivers (gephyrophobiacs) and cyclists; costs $ 25 and $ 30 for drivers and cyclists, respectively.
Bay Bridge Walk and Run
Although there is no pedestrian facility on the bridge, Bay Bridge Walk and Governor's Bay Bridge Run are used to provide an opportunity to cross the bridge on foot, usually on the first Sunday of May. The incident took place in the eastern landscape, which was closed to the vehicle while two-way traffic shared a western range. Participants start at the eastern end of the bridge (on Kent Island) and continue west to the finish near the toll plaza. The WMATA and MTA transit buses transport participants between the far parking area and the starting and ending points.
Run, the 10K race crossing the bridge, is held early in the morning before the walk. This was done by Annapolis Striders, a local run organization, and controlled by the MDTA and Maryland Department of Natural Resources. The results go to the Chesapeake Bay Trust to support the bay.
This trip was first held in 1975, after a Scout leader in Towson asked Governor-Marvin Mandel whether his troops could walk across the bridge when the car was closed for maintenance. The annual roads were canceled for the first time in 1980 due to bad weather conditions, and then frequent cancellations throughout the 2000s. During this period, the trip is canceled in:
- 2002 and 2007 due to poor weather conditions.
- 2003 and 2005 for security reasons.
- 2008, 2009, and 2010 due to construction activity in the area on the west side of the bridge where participants will be staged. Fiscal concerns are also cited as contributing factors to the 2010 cancellation.
- 2011 due to fiscal issues.
- 2012 for undisclosed reasons.
After the cancellation in 2005, the MDTA considered reducing the annual frequency of the event, citing traffic, fiscal, labor, and security issues. The latest events (held in 2006) cost over $ 350,000, and the estimated cost for 2012 was nearly $ 400,000. At the end of 2011, the non-profit group, the Greater Washington Sports Alliance (GWSA), approached the MDTA's Capital Committee to propose sponsoring the event, along with a concert at Sandy Point State Park, at no cost to MDTA. While the Capital Committee unanimously recommends that the MDTA Council approve proposals that depend on the agreement between the GWSA and the MDTA, the event in 2012 is finally canceled.
After the increasingly consistent cancellation of the running event, MDTA, along with Queen Anne's County, was contracted with an outside company to have a professional 10K race across the bridge, which has been labeled "Across the Bay 10K". The inaugural event takes place November 9, 2014. The Racing Director is Dave McGillivray, who has served in capacity for BAA Boston Marathon since 1988. The Across the Bay 10K will have several charity beneficiaries, including research and recovery of the bay as well as breast cancer research and some other.
Impact
Since its construction, the bridge has made a significant impact on both sides of the bay; among them is the growth of the East Coast community. When the bridge opened in 1952, and again when the second span was added in 1973, the East Coast was given easier access to Baltimore and Washington, causing areas in the south of Queen Anne's County to develop as a bedroom community. This Baltimore-Washington suburb extension has led to Queen Anne County being listed as part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Region. The bridge also provides easier access to Ocean City from the Western Shore, which has caused Ocean City to grow from a small town to a city that is said to be the second largest city in Maryland during the summer.
In 1948, the completion of the upcoming bridge led to an expansion of US $ 50 to Ocean City. The route was extended along the Maryland Route 404 (MDÃ 404) corridor and mostly US $ 213, cutting both routes back. During the 1950s, US $ 50 in the Western Shore was transferred to the proposed Annapolis-Washington Expressway (now known as John Hanson Highway), built at that time to provide better access to the bridge. As the Eastern Shore, specifically Ocean City, grew, further increases and a $ 50 re-adjustment took place. This work included completion in 1973 from the second Bay Bridge range, the expansion of the US $ 50 freeway eastward to US $ 50/US $ 301 in Queenstown, and the construction of a shortcut cutting around the north side of Salisbury in 2002. In addition it has been improved and aligned over the years from its original two-track configuration to a four-lane highway, with the latter part of being in Vienna, skipped in 1991. In 2008, there were plans for a further increase to US $ 50 , including expanding the freeway section of Queen Anne's County to MDÃ, 404 outside Wye Mills and replacing the aging Harry W. Kelly Memorial Bridge to Ocean City.
Future expansion
In December 2004, a study concluded that traffic across bridges is expected to increase by 40% by 2025. The following year, a task force set up by Governor Bob Ehrlich met to re-explore the possibility of building a new Chesapeake Bay crossing. The task force concluded that the bridge would be the best option for additional crossings, and four geographic locations for such bridges were explored: Baltimore County to Kent County, Anne Arundel County to Queen Anne's County (existing location), Anne Arundel or Calvert County to Talbot County , and Calvert County to Dorchester County. At the end of 2006, the task force released a report on the study but did not make a final recommendation; members of the task force requested additional time to continue their studies.
See also
- Kent Narrows Bridge
- List of bridges by length
- Severn River Bridge
- St. Margaret's, Maryland
- Cape St. Claire, Maryland
Note
External links
- Geographic data associated with Chesapeake Bay Bridge in OpenStreetMap
- The Chesapeake Bay Bridge official website
- Bay Bridge Page on the MdTA website
- Way to Future website
- Pages on dcroads.net
- Chesapeake Bay Bridge at Structurae
- Live Video Rt 50 Kent Island
- Live Video Rt 50 Sandy Point
- A comprehensive 1950 study of the economic effects of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge (pdf)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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