A dump truck is a truck used to transport loose materials (such as sand, gravel, or waste disassembly) for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with an open box bed, which is hinged on the back and fitted with a hydraulic rudder tail to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be stored ("dumped") on the ground behind the truck at the delivery site. In the UK, Australia and India, this term applies only to off-road construction factories, and road vehicles are known as tipper lorry (UK, India), tip trucks , tip-trailer or tipper (AUS).
Video Dump truck
History
Dump trucks are considered to have been first conceived on a western European farm late in the 19th century. Thornycroft developed a dust wagon in 1896 with a tipper mechanism. The first motorized dump truck in the United States was developed by small equipment companies such as The Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, Galion Buggy Co. and Lauth-Juergens among many others around 1910. Hydraulic dump beds were introduced by Wood Hoist Co. shortly after. Such companies flourished during World War I because of massive wartime demands. August Fruehauf has obtained a military contract for its semi-trailer, which was invented in 1914 and subsequently created a partner, semi-truck vehicle for use in World War I. After the war Fruehauf introduced hydraulics in his trailer. They offer hydraulic elevator gates, hydraulic cranes and dump trailers for sale in the early 1920s. Fruehauf is a leading supplier of well-known trailers dumps and "sinks" regarded as the best by heavy goods carriers, roads and mining.
Companies like Galion Buggy Co. continued to grow after the war by producing a number of express bodies and some smaller exhausts that could easily be mounted on both stocks or converted (heavy-duty suspension and drivetrain) Model T chassis prior to 1920. Galion and Wood Mfg. Co. building all the dump bodies that Ford offered on heavy AA and BB heavy chassis during the 1930s. Galion (now Galion Godwin Truck Body Co.) is the oldest truck body manufacturer still operating today.
The first Canadian dump truck was known to have developed in Saint John, New Brunswick when Robert T. Mawhinney placed the disposal box on a flatbed truck in 1920. The lifter is a winch attached to a cable that feeds a sheave (pulley) mounted on a pole behind taxi. The cable is connected to the lower front end of a wooden litter box attached by the pivot behind the truck's frame. The operator turns the crank to raise and lower the box. The first bed apparatus on a patented vehicle in Canada
Maps Dump truck
Type
Currently, almost all dump trucks operate with hydraulics and they come in a variety of configurations that are each designed to accomplish specific tasks in the supply chain of construction materials.
Standard dump truck
A standard dump truck is a truck chassis with a dump body fitted to the frame. The bed is raised by a vertical hydraulic ram mounted below the front of the body, or a horizontal arrangement of ram and horizontal levers between the frame rails, and the back of the bed hinged on the back of the truck. Talent can be configured to swing over the top hinges (and sometimes also to fold the bottom hinges) or can be configured in the "High Tailgate Lift" format where pneumatic spikes lift open gates and rise above exhaust bodies.
In the United States, most standard dump trucks have one front steering shaft and one (4x2 4-wheeler)) or two (6x4 6-wheeler ) rear axles that typically have dual wheels on each side. The tandem rear axle is almost always powered, the front steering axle is also sometimes switched on (4x4, 6x6). Unsteady axle is sometimes used to support additional weight. The least powerful rear axle can be lifted off the ground to minimize wear when empty or lightly loaded trucks, and are generally called "lifter axles".
EU heavy trucks often have two steering wheels. Truck tub configuration is 2, 3, and 4 axle. The eight wheel drive has two front steering wheels and two powered axles on the back and is limited to 32 metric tons (35 tonnes long, 31 tons long) gross weight in most EU countries. The largest of European standard dump trucks are generally called "centipedes" and have seven axles. The front axle is the steering axle, the two rear axles are raised, and the remaining four are lifter axles.
The shorter wheelbase of the standard dump truck often makes it more maneuverable than the higher-capacity dump truck semi-trailer.
The final trailer crane truck
A semi end dump is a tractor-trailer combination in which the trailer itself contains a hydraulic hoist. In the US, semi final dumps generally have 3-wheeled tractors pulling 2-wheeled ties with double tires, in EU trailers often having 3 axles and one tire. The main advantage of the semi final dump is the large payload. The main disadvantage is that they are very unstable when raised in a dumping position limiting their use in many applications where the dumping location is uneven or off level.
Transfer dump truck
A transfer dump is a standard dump truck pulling separate trailers with moving cargo containers, which can also be loaded with construction aggregates - gravel, sand, asphalt, clinker, snow, wood chips, triple blends, etc.
The second aggregate container on the trailer (box "B"), supported by electric motors, pneumatic motors or hydraulic ducts. It rolls around on a small wheel, up the rails from the trailer frame into the empty primary dump (box "A"). It maximizes load capacity without sacrificing standard dump truck maneuverability. Transfer dump trucks are usually seen in the western United States due to severe restrictions on the roads there.
Another configuration is called a three transfer train, consisting of boxes "B" and "C". This is common on the Highways of Nevada and Utah, but not in California. Depending on the pivot setting, triple transfers can reach 129,000 kilograms (284,000 pounds) with special permission in certain American countries. In 2007, three contractor fee transfers were approximately $ 105 per hour, while the A/B configuration cost about $ 85 per hour.
Transfer dump trucks typically carry between 26 and 27 short tons (23.6 and 24.5 t; 23.2 and 24.1 tons long) aggregate per load, each truck capable of 3-5 loads per day, in general.
Truck and pup
trucks and dogs are very similar to where to move. It consists of a standard dump truck pulling dump trailer. The pup trailer, unlike the transfer, has its own hydraulic ram and is capable of self-unloading.
Superdump truck
A Superdump is a straight dump truck equipped with a rear axle, a lift-up lift lift of 13,000 pounds (5,897 kg). Trailing 11 to 13 feet (3.35 to 3.96 m) behind the rear tandem, the rear axle extends beyond the "bridge" measurement - the distance between the first and last axle - to the maximum permissible maximum length. This increases the permissible gross weight under the federal bridge formula, which sets the standard for truck size and weight. Depending on the vehicle length and axle configuration, Superdumps can be rated as high as 80,000 pounds (36,287 kg). GVW and carrying 26 short tons (23.6 t, 23.2 tonnes long) payload or more. When the truck is empty or ready to be disassembled, the rear axle moves to the road surface on two hydraulic arms to clean the rear of the vehicle. Truck owners call their truck-equipped trucks equipped with Superdumps because they outweigh the load, productivity, and return on investment of conventional truck trucks. The concept of Superdump and trailing axle was developed by Strong Industries of Houston, Texas.
Bottom trailer trailer trailer
A bottom dump down or a belly dump is a 3-axle tractor pulling a 2-axle trailer with a clam type clam clam gate in the belly of the trailer. The main advantage of the semi-bottom dump is its ability to lay material in rolls, linear piles. In addition, semi-down dumps maneuver in reverse, unlike the double and triple trailer configurations described below. This trailer can be found either from the type of windrow shown in the photo, or perhaps from a cross-spread type, with gates opening front to back instead of left and right. The type of cross-gate spread will actually spread the cereal grain fairly and evenly from the width of the trailer. For comparison, the windblow type gate leaves the stack in the middle. Cross-type gate types, on the other hand, tend to get stuck and may not work properly with crude materials.
Trailer under double and triple trailer truck
Double and triple bottom dumps consists of a 2-axle tractor pulling a half axle and a full trailer (or two full trailers in triple case). These garbage trucks allow the driver to lay material on the windrows without leaving a taxi or stopping the truck. The main disadvantage is the difficulty in supporting multiple and triple units.
Specific types of dump trucks used in certain countries are likely to be closely related to the weight and axle limits in those jurisdictions. Stones, dirt, and other types of material usually transported by this type of truck are quite heavy, and almost all truck styles can be easily burdened. Therefore, this type of truck is often configured to take advantage of local weight limitations to maximize load. For example, in the United States, the maximum weight limit is 40 short tons (36.3 tons, 35.7 tons long) across the country, except for special bridges with lower borders. Each state, in some cases, is permitted to authorize trucks up to 52.5 tonnes short (47.6 tonnes, 46.9 tonnes long). Most countries that do so require trucks to be very long, to spread the load to longer distances. It is in this context that double and triple ass are found in the United States.
Side garbage truck
A side dump truck (SDT) consists of a 3-wheel tractor pulling a 2-axle semi-trailer. It has a hydraulic ram that tilts the body dump to its side, spilling material to the left or right side of the trailer. The main advantage of side dumps is that it allows rapid disassembly and can carry more weight in the western United States. In addition, it is almost immune to tipping over when disposing, unlike the semi-end dump which is particularly vulnerable to reverse. Nevertheless, it is quite possible that the side dump trailer will be inverted if dumping is terminated prematurely. Also, when disposing of loose materials or stone-sized rocks, side drainage can become stuck if the pile becomes wide enough to cover too many trailer wheels. Trailers that dump at appropriate angles (50 ° for example) avoid the burdened load problem littering the trailer lane by throwing the cargo further down the side of the truck, in some cases allowing sufficient permission to run between dumped dumps. loading and trailer.
Winter service car
Many winter service vehicles are based on dump trucks, to allow placement of weights to weigh trucks down or to hold sodium or calcium chloride salts to spread in the snow and covered ice surface. Piracy is a severe service and requires heavy duty trucks.
Roll-off trucks
A Roll-off has a hoist and a subframe, but no body, it carries a removable container. The container is loaded on the ground, then pulled into the back of the truck with winches and cables. The truck goes to the dump, after which the empty container is removed and placed to be loaded or stored. The hoist is raised and the container slips down the subframe so that the back is on the ground. The container has rollers on the back and can be moved forward or backward until the front is lowered to the ground. Containers are usually open boxes used for debris and building debris, but garbage compacting containers are also carried. The newer hook-lift system ("roller container" in the UK) does the same job, but lifts, lowers, and discards the container by booming settings instead of cables and hoists.
off-highway dump truck
Off-highway transport trucks are heavy construction equipment and have little resemblance to a highway dump truck. Higher off-highway disposal trucks are used strictly off-road for heavy mining and hauling jobs. There are two main forms: a rigid frame and an articulation frame.
The term 'dump' truck is generally not used by the mining industry, or by the manufacturers that build these machines. A more appropriate US term for off road vehicles is "haul truck" and the equivalent European term is 'dumper'.
Haul Truck
Transport trucks are used in mines and large mines on the surface. They have a rigid frame and conventional steering wheel with rear wheel drive. By the end of 2013, the largest ever production truck ever was 450 metric tons of BelAZ 75710, followed by Liebherr T 282B, Bucyrus MT6300AC and Caterpillar 797F, which each had a payload capacity of up to 400 short tons (363Â °, 357). ton long). Most large hauling trucks use Diesel-electric powertrains, using a Diesel engine to drive an AC alternator or DC generator that sends electricity to an electric motor on each rear wheel. The Caterpillar 797 is unique for its size, as it uses a Diesel engine to drive a mechanical powertrain, typical of most ongoing vehicles and medium sized trucks. Other major trucking manufacturers include SANY, XCMG, Hitachi, Komatsu, DAC, Terex, and BelAZ.
Articulated carrier
The articulated dumper is an all-wheel drive, off-road dump truck. It has a hinge between the cabin and the exhaust, but different from the semi-trailer truck in the power unit is a permanent fixture, not a vehicle that can be separated. The steering is done through a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the entire tractor in relation to the trailer instead of steering and pinion steering on the front axle as in conventional dump trucks. By way of this steering, the trailer wheels follow the same path as the front wheels. Along with all-wheel drive and low center of gravity, it's very easy to adapt to rough terrain. Major manufacturers include Volvo CE, Terex, John Deere and Caterpillar.
Dangers
Collisions
Dump trucks are usually built for some amount of off-road driving or construction; because the driver is protected by the chassis and the height of the driver's seat, the bumper is placed high or removed for additional ground clearance. The disadvantage is that in a collision with a standard car, all parts of the motor or luggage compartment are under the truck. Thus, passengers in the car can be more severely injured than is common in collisions with other cars. Some countries have made a rule that new trucks should have about 40 cm above ground to protect other drivers. There are also rules on how long the load or construction of the truck can go beyond the rear bumper to prevent the car from crashing the truck from underneath.
Giving tipping
Another security consideration is flattening the truck before lowering the load. If the truck is not parked on relatively horizontal soil, sudden weight and balance changes due to body lifting and material disposal may cause the truck to slide, or even swoop up. Trailer under life is an approach to eliminate this danger.
Back-up accident
Due to its size and the difficulty of maintaining visual contact with workers on the feet, dump trucks can be a threat, especially when backing up. Mirrors and backup alarms provide some degree of protection, and having scouts working with drivers also reduces injuries and fatalities.
Manufacturer
See also
- Dumper
- Garbage truck
- Live under footage
Note
References
External links
- Media related to Dump truck on Wikimedia Commons
- A YouTube video about a garbage truck raising and lowering its load tray
- Caterpillar 730 Articulated Dump Truck in the loading cycle
- Bell B40D Articulated Dump Truck load and unload
- Articulated Trash Can
- Volvo A40D Articulated Dump Truck at work moves above load
- Sany Trucks
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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