Bayway Purification is a refining facility in Ports of New York and New Jersey, owned by Phillips 66. Located in Linden and Elizabeth, New Jersey, and split by Morses Creek, it is a refinery in the north on the East Coast United States of America. The oil refinery converts crude oil (supplied by tankers from the North Sea, Canada and West Africa and by train from Bakken formation in North Dakota) to gasoline, diesel, fuel jet and heating oil. In 2007, this facility processed about 238,000 bbl/d (37,800 m 3 /d) crude oil, produced 145,000 bbl/d (23,100 m 3 /d) gasoline and 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m 3 /d) of distillate. Its products are shipped to East Coast customers through pipelines, barges, trains and tank trucks.
The facility also has a petrochemical plant producing lubricants and additives and a polypropylene plant that produces over 775 million pounds of polypropylene per year. The refinery has its own container and heliport container terminals.
Workers at the plant have been unionized under the International Brotherhood of Teamster (Local No. 877) since 1960.
The oil refinery has owned and continues to have environmental problems, culminating in the completion of the $ 225 million Exxon Mobil-New Jersey Environmental Contamination. The 2010 investigative report conducted by WABC-TV, ABC's main station in New York City, characterizes the Bayway Refinery as a "recurrent violator" of environmental regulations.
Video Bayway Refinery
Histori
In 1907, Standard Oil founder John D. Rockefeller acquired several hundred acres of Morse family land between Linden and Elizabeth, New Jersey as the site for his final refinery. The construction of a temporary office building began on 15 October 1907 and the work of clearing densely forested land began immediately. The cornerstone of the machine shop, the first permanent structure at the site, was laid on January 18, 1908, and construction continued throughout the year. The first crude oil still at Bayway was completed in late 1908 and on 2 January 1909, they were symbolically fired by William C. Koehler (c1880-1953). The facility begins processing 10,000 barrels a day (1,600 m 3 ) of crude oil per day. The capacity expanded to 17,176 barrels per day (2,730.8 m 3 /d) in 1911. Over the next few years, the plant continues to expand and increase capacity and manpower.
In 1911, Standard Oil was broken down into smaller units in accordance with the Sherman Antitrust Act. One of the successor companies is the New Jersey Standard Petroleum Company, Esso's predecessor and then Exxon, which retains Bayway facility ownership.
Bayway becomes a leading research facility within S.O. Company New Jersey. It was the first facility in the United States to use the hydrogenation process to obtain greater yields from its raw products, and in 1919 scientists at Bayway created the world's first petrochemical: isopropyl alcohol.
Ethyl Corporation, a joint venture of General Motors and Standard Oil, built a factory for the manufacture of tetraethyl tin (TEL, "lead" in leaded petrol) at the refinery for three months in 1924. In the first two months of operation, the facility had seventeen cases heavy lead poisoning leading to hallucinations and insanity, and then five consecutive deaths. The factory was closed by the state of New Jersey in October, and Standard Oil is prohibited to produce TEL there again without state permission.
During World War II, the factory built the first catalytic cracker, or "cracker cat", which began operations on 18 January 1943. This development proved essential for fuel production to support Allied war efforts, particularly high-octane fuel flights, butyl synthetic rubbers and materials used to manufacture explosives.
After the war, the use of coal for heating declined sharply in the United States. In 1947, Esso invested $ 26 million in a refinery expansion program to meet the growing postwar demands for gasoline and heating oil, and built a much larger catalytic cracker with an initial processing capacity of 49,000 bbl/d (7,800m 3 /d), replacing the original unit 1943. The "Cat" was online in October 1949 and was the largest in the world during the 20th century, and in 2008 was the largest in the western hemisphere.
In 1965 Enjay Chemical, a subsidiary of Esso Chemical Company (then Exxon Chemical) at Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (commonly known by Esso, Enco and the Humble brand) assumed all chemical processing assets and products in Bayway. In 1973, the New Jersey Standard Petroleum Company was named Exxon, and the facility was also known as Exxon Bayway Refinery.
On the night of December 5, 1970 a series of powerful explosions occurred at the refinery, resulting in numerous injuries but no casualties in and around the factory. Windows was destroyed as far as Staten Island, and the explosion was more than thirty miles away.
1976 brings the installation of the most iconic structure in the refinery, Wet Gas Scrubber. Visible from the New Jersey Turnpike with its massive moisture clump, it removes 7-8 tons of dust per day and gases generated from the catalytic cracking process. To date it is recognized as one of the most efficient and effective units of its kind in the world.
On the night of January 1-2, 1990, a leaky underwater pipe leaked about 567,000 US gallons (2,150 m 3 ) from oil fuel into Arthur Kill. Since the waterway is already highly industrialized, Exxon believes that it does not have to pay for any damages. The court disagreed, ordering the company to pay $ 15 million in reparations.
On April 8, 1993, Tosco Corporation completed the process of purchasing refineries from Exxon for $ 175 million, although Exxon Chemicals Company continues to run the Chemical Plant. During this time, Bayway is operated by the Bayway Purification Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tosco Corporation. Under Tosco's direction, Bayway was able to rearrange and upgrade facilities, and many years of operations with losses for Exxon in the late 1980s turned quickly.
The Morristown and Erie Railway became a contract switch for the refinery in 1995, and established the Bayshore Terminal Company to handle the management of 8,000 railroad cars loaded with refinery products every year. Since 2007, the EM15 SW1500 diesel locomotive has been assigned to the factory.
In 1999, the Infineum company (a joint project of Exxon Chemical, Shell International Chemicals and Shell Chemical) took over the operation of the chemical plant. Infineum researches and manufactures crankcase lubricant additives, fuel additives, and specialty lubricant additives, as well as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, and industrial oils.
Tosco was purchased in 2001 by Phillips Petroleum, who joined Conoco to form ConocoPhillips in 2002 and then separate downstream, middle, and chemical assets into a new Phillips 66 company in 2012.
In 2003 a new online polypropylene facility that generated 775 million pounds per year.
Maps Bayway Refinery
Environmental issues
Refineries are a famous toxic site questioned in a 2015 legal settlement between New Jersey and ExxonMobil. By the end of 2003, the refinery was under scrutiny for possible abnormal cancer rates among its working population. As a result, local ABC affiliate WABC-TV (Channel 7), New York, runs a feature about the refinery. The refinery has since been overseen by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
The oil refinery is consistently among the worst polluters in the country, and has been quoted nearly 200 times since 2005 for violating state environmental laws. It is also classed as the nation's 32nd worst polluter in the country.
2005 environmental control steps
Thanks to the terms of completion with the Department of Environmental Protection, ConocoPhillips stated that they will take the following actions at their Bayway facility:
- Put the cover on the newly separated wastewater or separator separator and controls in December 2008. This measure, which will cost approximately $ 8 million, will reduce the volatile organic compound emissions (VOC) in care unit of 95 percent.
- Install the new gas fuel system by December 2010 to burn cleaner natural gas than fuel oil, reduce SO2 emissions by thousands of tons per year. It costs $ 28 million to $ 38 million.
- Install new pollution controls on heaters and boilers in December 2010 at a cost of $ 20 million, reduce annual NOx emissions by about 900 tons.
- Reduce VOC emissions by implementing improved leak detection and repair programs.
- Reduce VOC emissions and acid gases by minimizing combustion, uncontrolled emission emissions that cut off controls.
- Audit and reduce benzene emissions.
See also
- Big Inch
- List of refineries
- Perth Amboy Refinery
- Reading Port Refinery
- Morses Creek
- The Chemical Coast
References
Further reading
External links
- state.nj.us January 27, 2005 "ConocoPhillips will Spend $ 60 Million to Reduce Pollution at the Bayway Refinery"
- "Exxon Bayway Refining Company". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009 . Retrieved 2009-04-05 .
- Public Land Utilization Center: Refinery Bayway
- The Phillips 66 website
- https://www3.epa.gov/region02/waste/exxon750.pdf
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments