Cerebral vasculitis or central nervous system vasculitis (sometimes the word angiitis used as a substitute for "vasculitis") is vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) Involves brain and sometimes spinal cord. It affects all blood vessels: very small blood vessels (capillaries), medium-sized blood vessels (arterioles and venules), or large blood vessels (arteries and veins). If the blood flow in the blood vessel with vasculitis decreases or stops, the part of the body receiving blood from the vessel begins to die. It can produce various neurological symptoms, such as headaches, skin rashes, feeling very tired, joint pain, difficulty moving or coordinating body parts, changes in sensation, and changes in perception, thought or behavior, and the phenomenon of mass lesions in the brain that lead to coma and herniation. Some of the signs and symptoms may resemble multiple sclerosis. 10% has caused bleeding in the brain.
Video Cerebral vasculitis
Cause
"Main" or angiitis/vasculitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is said to exist if there is no underlying cause. The exact mechanism of primary disease is unknown, but the fundamental mechanism of all vasculitides is autoimmunity. Other secondary causes of cerebral vasculitis are infection, systemic auto-immune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, drugs and drugs (amphetamines, cocaine and heroin), some forms of cancer (lymphoma, leukemia and lung cancer ) and other forms of systemic vasculitis such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa or BehÃÆ'§et disease. It can mimic, and in turn be imitated by, a number of other diseases that affect the cerebral blood vessels in diffusely such as fibromuscular dysplasia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Maps Cerebral vasculitis
Diagnosis
Cerebral angiography and magnetic resonance imaging, family medical history, symptoms, complete physical examination, and ultimately brain biopsy, are often necessary for diagnosis. In addition, many laboratory tests should be performed for diagnosis; tests may reveal anemia (red blood cell deficiency), high white blood cell count, high platelet count, allergic reactions, immune complexes, antibodies (the tools the body uses to combat threats) and increased inflammatory markers. Another important part in the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis is the use of imaging techniques. Techniques such as conventional conventional reduction angiography (DSA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to locate and monitor brain involvement.
Treatment
The first treatment with many high-dose steroids, namely glucocorticoids. Then, if symptoms do not increase additional immunosuppression such as cyclophosphamide is added to reduce immune system attacks on the body's own tissues. Cerebral vasculitis is a very rare condition that is difficult to diagnose, and as a result there are significant variations in how to diagnose and treat it.
Specific Illness
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
(Also known as temporal arteritis)
Symptoms
- Fever
- general discomfort
- weight loss
- Muscle inflammation causes stiffness in the shoulders; neck; and/or upper arm
- headache continues
- pain in the jaw or ear while eating
- double vision
- lose some vision or blind point
- (on rare occasions) a stroke.
Diagnostic criteria
Three or more of the following five criteria must be met:
- Age 50 or older
- Newly developed headache
- Tenderness in the superficial temporal artery
- The sedimentation rate increases, at least 50 mm/h (a blood test indicating inflammatory activity)
- Arteritis of inflammation of cells in biopsy specimens from the temporal artery
Takayasu Arteritis
Symptoms
Start with nonspecific symptoms such as:
- Localized joint pain
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Rash
- Weight
- Diagnosis usually does not occur until the blockage causes blood flow to the extremities or less stroke.
Diagnostic criteria
Three or more of the following six criteria must be met:
- Age when the disease starts under 50
- Reduced brachial artery pulses
- The systolic blood pressure differs by more than 10 mmHg between the arms
- Cramps are caused by exercise on the extremities
- Abnormal sound (via stethoscope) above the subclavian artery or abdominal aorta
- Narrowing or blockage in the aorta, major branches, or large arteries as seen through arterial radiography. Therapy therapy
- 50% of patients respond to corticosteroid therapy alone in the initial phase
- Methotrexate or Azacytidine is an alternative to corticosteroid immunosuppressants
- There is research on Mycophenolate mofetil and anti-TNF therapy
- In Takayasu arteritis it is very important to combine frequent drug treatment with aspirin or low-dose statins
- Systemic disease with fever
- The general feeling of discomfort or discomfort with the cause is difficult to identify
- Weight
- Arthritis
- Black discoloration of the skin especially on extremities
- Inadequate blood supply to extremities
- Ischemic stroke, bleeding, and progressive encephalopathy with or without seizures may occur
- More than 4Ã, kg (8.8Ã, lb) weight loss
- Lace like a purplish color on the skin (livedo reticularis)
- Testicular pain
- Pain in muscles or muscle groups (myalgia)
- Peripheral nerve damage
- Increased blood pressure more than 90 mmHg
- Urinary creatinine levels are greater than 1.5 mg/dl
- Hepatitis B or C virus antibody
- Aneurysm or occlusion as indicated in pathological arteriography
- Histologic findings typical of PAN
- In PAN not is associated with viral hepatitis: prednisone and cyclophosphamide therapy. In an emergency, plasmapheresis can be tried
- In PAN associated with viral hepatitis: combination therapy of prednisone along with virustatik, such as lamivudine (Hepatitis B) or interferon-alpha and ribavirin (Hepatitis C)
- Men are affected twice more often than women
- Compression of structures that surround the paranasal nose and sinuses
- Diabetes insipidus
- An abnormal protraction of the eyeball (s)
- Non nonseptic meningitis
- The love of the lungs and kidneys due to the destruction of the arteries and veins
- Ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, or encephalopathy with possible seizures
- Necrotizing ulcerative inflammation of the nose, sinuses, mouth or pharynx
- Irregular pulmonary infiltrates
- Nephritis
- Granulomatous vascular and perivascular inflammation
- Corticosteroids (eg, Prednisolone)
- Cyclophosphamide
- Azathioprine
- Mycophenolate mofetil
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Symptoms
Diagnostic Criteria
Three or more of the following ten criteria are required:
Therapeutic therapy
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
(Formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis)
Symptoms
Diagnostic Criteria
Two or more of the following four criteria are required:
Treatment Therapy
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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