Unexpected acceleration ( SUA ) is the unintentional, unpredictable, uncontrolled acceleration of the vehicle, often accompanied by loss of braking effectiveness. The problem may be caused by driver error (eg, pedal misapplication), mechanical or electrical problems, or some combination of these factors.
Video Sudden unintended acceleration
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In the 1980s, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported a narrow definition of sudden acceleration only from close quarters in 1989 Sudden Acceleration Report :
"Sudden incident acceleration" (SAI) is defined for the purpose of this report as an unexpected, unpredictable, high-gain acceleration from a stationary position or a very low initial velocity coupled with a loss of real braking effectiveness. In a typical scenario, the incident starts when switching to "Drive" or "Reverse" from "Park".
This report was taken from a study, beginning in 1986, in which NHTSA examined ten vehicles that suffered from a number of "above average" incident reports and concluded that the incident must have been caused by driver fault. In laboratory tests, the throttle is positioned to wide open before the brake application in an attempt to mimic the circumstances of the investigated incident. However, it is important to note that the latest vehicles involved in this study were 1986 models and that no test vehicles were equipped with a common drive by wire system in 2010. All vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions, ie No vehicles which has a manual transmission with a left-foot clutch pedal that releases engine power.
These tests are meant to simulate reports of the times that indicate that the vehicle is stalled and accelerated uncontrollably as it shifts from the park. With modern driving with wire fuel control, the problem is believed to occur exclusively while the vehicle is in progress.
In the 1950s, General Motors cars with automatic transmissions placed R to retreat in the furthest clockwise position in the rotation of the shift lever installed in the column. L for low position is only close together because one will move the lever one notch counterclockwise. Since it is very easy to select L, the front position when it wants R, to back off, there are many unwanted moves ahead as the driver is watching the rearward, hoping to turn the car over. In the 1960s, dental selection arrangements became standardized in a known PRNDL, positioned away from front and between Park and Neutral. The removal of push-button drive controls on all Chrysler products began after 1965 to eliminate the ease of picking unwanted directions.
The most notable incident of accidental acceleration suddenly occurred recently from 2000-2010 in Toyota and Lexus vehicles, resulting in 89 deaths and 52 injuries. NHTSA first opened a car defect investigation into a Toyota vehicle in 2004, but the NHTSA Defects Investigation Office (ODI) closed the investigation by citing unconvincing evidence. Toyota also claims that there is no defect and that the electronic control system in the vehicle can not fail in a way that will result in acceleration spikes. More investigation was carried out but was unsuccessful in finding any defects until April 2008, when it was found that the driver's side was slashed at Toyota Sienna 2004 could be loose and prevent the accelerator pedal back to fully closed position. It was later learned that Toyota's affected floor mats could cause them to accelerate suddenly, and Toyota knew about the problem but had misled consumers and continued to produce defective cars. In March 2014, the Justice Department spent $ 1.2 billion in financial fines against Toyota in a suspended prosecution agreement.
Maps Sudden unintended acceleration
Possible factors
Accidental accidental incident accidents are often raised to involve simultaneous acceleration failures and vehicle brake systems. Factors of the acceleration system may include:
- Pedal mount error
- Pedal is unresponsive (trapped)
- Electronic throttle control or cruise control failure (see drive with cable)
- Stuck throttle (not related to pedal position)
- Shorten tin whiskers
- Runaway diesel engines - excessive pressure on the crank can force the engine lubricant into the intake manifold, which can be burned in the same way as diesel.
Accidental acceleration resulting from pedal errors is a driver error in which the driver presses the accelerator during braking is intended. Some shorter driver's feet may not be long enough to touch the floor and pedals, making them more likely to hit the wrong pedal due to lack of appropriate spatial or tactile references. Pedal misapplication may be related to the pedal and placement design, as in the case where the brake and accelerator are too close to each other, or the accelerator pedal is too large. NHTSA USA estimates 16,000 accidents per year in the US, when the driver intends to apply the brakes but incorrectly implements the accelerator.
Unresponsive accelerator pedals may occur due to attack: that is, clogging of foreign bodies, or other mechanical disturbances with pedal operations - and may involve accelerators or brake pedals. The Throttle butterfly valve can become sluggish in operation or can stick in a closed position. When the driver pushes harder on the right foot, the valve can "open" open to a point larger than the driver wants, thus creating too much force and setback. Special solvent spray is offered by all manufacturers and aftermarket workers to solve this very common problem.
Another problem may be involved in the case of older vehicles equipped with carburetors. Throttle brake springs that are weak, disconnected, or disconnected, worn pump barrels, blown cable houses, and cables that jump over the throttle-body crank path can cause the same acceleration problem.
For cars with wire-per-wire, brake-accelerator switch, or "smart throttle" will eliminate or at least reduce any unwanted acceleration, not due to incorrect application of the pedal by causing the brake to override the throttle. Unwanted acceleration events will require the failure of such mechanisms if they exist. Such a solution would not apply to older vehicles that do not have a drive-by-wire throttle.
Analysis carried out in the mid to late 1990s on Jeep Cherokee and Grand Cherokee vehicles concluded that hundreds of sudden accelerations reported in this vehicle were probably caused by an unexpected leakage current path resulting in the actuation of the cruise controller servo. When this happens, usually in the shift involved (move the shift lever from park to reverse), the engine throttle will move to wide open position. While the brakes operate, the operator's response is often not fast enough to prevent accidents. Most of these events occur within closed boundaries where rapid operator response will be required to prevent a person's beating, fixed object or other vehicle. Much of this incident occurred in car washes, and the Jeep Grand Cherokee continued to experience sudden acceleration in car washes across the country. Statistical analysis of SAI from 1991 to 1995 Jeep revealed that the root cause of these incidents could not be human error, as historically put forward by NHTSA and car manufacturers.
Physical analysis carried out on Toyota's electronic engine control system including the gas pedal position sensor (APPSs) in 2011 indicates a large number of tin whiskers. Whiskers tin is a tin structure that extends or resembles the needles that grow from the surface of pure tin and lead. Toyota APPS was found using a lead coat. This finished lead can produce a conductive tin whisker capable of creating undesirable electrical failures such as short circuits. The use of tin finishing at Toyota APPS is therefore a concern. Similarly in 2013, materials used in the automotive engine control unit (ECU) of the Toyota Tundra 2008 truck were analyzed. It was found that pure tin with a nickel underlay was used as the final liaison on the unit, and analysis showed tin whiskers on the surface of the connector. Further tests under standard temperature-humidity cycles show the growth of tin whiskers, increasing additional reliability and safety issues. These studies show that poor design choices, such as lead use, result in unintentional failure.
Report an incident
Reported incident of sudden acceleration, including:
- 1987: Sales of Audi 5000s 1982-1987 in the United States fell after withdrawal related to unintentional sudden acceleration. There were 700 accidents and 6 deaths.
- 1988: The 1986 Honda deal is documented to have a sudden acceleration incident due to the Vehicle Speed ​​Control component, as reported to NHTSA. 1997: A sudden acceleration in Jeep Cherokees and Jeep Grand Cherokees was reported by Diane Sawyer in the ABC News segment of PrimeTime in March 1997.
- 2000: Some Ford Explorers are reported in the UK by the Channel 4 news program in which the vehicle is already moving at speed and experiencing sudden acceleration.
- 2004: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sends Toyota a chart showing that Toyota Camrys with electronic throttle controls have more than 400% more "vehicle speed" complaints than Camrys with manual controls.
- 2005: Incident observed in Toyota Camry. The cause was originally suggested to be a tin whisker, but this then proved to be not the case.
- 2005: Ida Starr St. John is involved in a sudden and accidental acceleration acceleration with his Toyota Camry. The Camry immediately accelerates without him pressing down on the accelerator and pressing the brake pedal to do nothing to stop the vehicle.
- 2006: The 2004 model year Ford Mustang Cobra was recalled by Ford for a failed gas pedal back to standby after being fully suppressed.
- 2008: Incidents involving Kia Amanti and Kia Sephia 2005 have been reported that were preceded by a very interesting racing engine or engine.
- 2009: Toyota Avalon displays unwanted acceleration without flooring; observed by the dealer.
- 2009: Chase Weir's experience with sudden acceleration at Ford Explorer while driving on the highway was reported by a number of news organizations, along with 1,000 emergency records released from the incident.
- 2009-2011: Some vehicle models are recalled at Toyota 2009-2011 recall, resulting in the suspension of production and sales of many of Toyota's most popular models, including Toyota Corolla, Toyota Camry, Toyota Tacoma pickups, Toyota Avalon, Toyota Matrix , Pontiac Vibe, and more.
- 2015-present: In the Philippines, a number of incidents involving automatic transmission variants of the Mitsubishi Challenger (sold as Mitsubishi Montero Sport) are reported. Regardless of the ongoing investigation of the cause of the incident, Mitsubishi has confirmed that the vehicle is free of defects or design flaws. But the company offers free checks for Montero owners affected by the incident.
- 2016: Tesla Model X even though the manufacturer claims the vehicle log indicates that only the accelerator pedal has been pushed by the driver.
Audi 100
During the 1982-1987 model, Audi issued a series of Audi 100 withdrawals (in some markets sold as Audi 5000 ) models related to the reported unexpected acceleration incident incident which linked to six deaths and 700 accidents. At that time, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) was investigating 50 car models from 20 producers for a sudden power surge.
60 Minutes broadcast a report titled "Out of Control" on November 23, 1986, featuring interviews with six people who have sued Audi after reporting unwanted acceleration, including Audi 5000 recording as if showing a spike in acceleration. while the brake pedal is depressed. The subsequent investigation revealed that 60 Minutes was not disclosed that they had engineered the behavior of the vehicle - mounting pressurized air tubes on the passenger side floor, connected through a hose to a hole drilled into the transmission - arrangements carried out by one of the experts has testified on behalf of the plaintiff in a lawsuit which is then pending against the parent company Audi.
Audi argues, before the findings by an outside investigator that the problem was caused by a driver's fault, in particular the erection of the pedal. Furthermore, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) concluded that most of the unwanted acceleration cases, including all those triggering the 60 Minutes report, were caused by driver mistakes such as pedal confusion. CBS does not recognize test results from government agencies involved, but recognizes similar results from other studies.
With a series of withdrawal campaigns, Audi made several modifications; the first to adjust the distance between the brake and accelerator pedal on the automatic transmission model. Later improvements, of 250,000 cars dating back to 1978, added a device that required the driver to press the brake pedal before shifting out of the park. As a by-product of sudden unexpected acceleration, the vehicle now includes a tooth stick pattern and a brake interlock mechanism to prevent accidental tooth selection.
Audi's sales in the US, which had reached 74,061 in 1985, dropped to 12,283 in 1991 and remained level for three years. - with resale values ​​falling dramatically. Audi then offered increased warranty protection and changed the name of the model affected - with 5000 to 100 and 200 in 1989. The company only reached US sales levels the same again based on the 2000 model.
In early 2010, a class action lawsuit filed in 1987 by about 7,500 Audi 5000-model owners has still not been finalized and is currently contested in county courts in Chicago after an appeal in the state of Illinois and the US federal level. The plaintiffs in this lawsuit claim that because of the sudden acceleration controversy, Audis has lost resale value.
Sudden Acceleration in Toyota Vehicles
From 2002 to 2009 there were many disability petitions made to NHTSA regarding accidental accidents on Toyota and Lexus vehicles, but many of them were determined to cause pedal misapplication, and NHTSA noted that no statistical significance indicates that Toyota vehicles have an SUA incident more than any other manufacturer. Other investigations were closed because NHTSA found no evidence that there were any defects. The first major cause of unwanted acceleration was found in March 2007, when engineering analysis showed that all-weather unsafe mats have caused pedal traps and drivers accelerating up to 90 mph with reduced braking force. Initially, Toyota suggested that the driver's mistake was to blame, saying that some people might have hit the gas when they intended to hit the brakes. Even after removing the pullout to overcome the problematic floor mats which in some cases were given the accelerator, the company hid the defective gas pedal design that is known to do the same. This caused Toyota to send a letter to the affected car owner, Lexus ES350 2007, requesting that they bring their car to replace the mat all weather. After this withdrawal, Toyota decided to revise the internal design of their car to ensure that there was "a minimum distance of 10 millimeters between the fully depressed gas pedal and the floor," but decided to apply only the new design on the "next full" redesign model, "which did not will last until 2010. In an effort to hide these flaws from investigators, Toyota is turning to verbal communication on defects rather than a traceable form of communication.As a result, many conscious new cars with similar floor mat problems that have been identified have potential to cause SUA problems in relation to the damaged pedal design.
One such vehicle, an ES350 in 2009, was awarded as a loan car to California Patrol Highway patrol officer Mark Saylor on August 28, 2009. Saylor and his wife, daughter and brother-in-law were driving on highway 125 in San Diego, California , when their car accelerates out of control and crashes into a dike, killing everyone in the car. This accident got national news coverage because of the 911 call recording of Chris Lastrella, Saylor's brother-in-law. In the moments before the accident, Lastrella can hear telling the operator that the accelerator is jammed and the brakes are not working. The right car was experiencing the same problem when Frank Bernard drove it as a car loan a few days earlier. Bernard told investigators that he was speeding up to pass the merge truck when accelerator accelerator to the floor mat and stay there when he took his foot off the pedal. Bernard was able to slow the car to 50-60 mph with brakes, but was only able to bring the car to a halt after placing the car in neutral. Following this accident, Toyota made 7 withdrawals related to the unintentional acceleration from September 2009 to March 2010. The recall amounted to approximately 10 million vehicles and mostly switched from mats and cover all weather rugs that could potentially cause pedal traps. At this point there is little evidence that there was ever a flaw in the Electronic Throttle Control System (ETCS) installed in Toyota cars after 2002, despite a request to NHTSA to investigate it, and Toyota announced that the root cause of sudden acceleration had been addressed.
The Department of Transportation reported in 2011 that the sole cause of SUA was misuse of pedals and incorrect pads. Most complaints come after Toyota remembers them. The car show data recorder 'shows the gas pedal application and no brake pedal application. NASA can not replicate machine control failures.
In April 2013, Betsy Benjaminson, a freelance translator working for Toyota translated the internal documents, released a personal statement about Toyota covering up the facts of a sudden accidental acceleration problem. Benjaminson stated that he "read many explanations by executives and managers about how they have deceived regulators, courts, and even congresses, by withholding, omitting, or misstating facts." Benjaminson also compared Toyota's press release and mentioned that they were clearly meant to "retain public confidence in the safety of Toyota cars - despite not providing evidence to support the guarantee." This public statement was released when Benjaminson decided to call himself a whistleblower after he gave evidence to Iowa's Charles Grassley.
This internal document leak led to a criminal investigation by the FBI and the Department of Justice that has been in place since 2010, and on March 19, 2014, the DOJ issued a suspended prosecution agreement with a $ 1.2 billion criminal penalty for issuing misleading and deceptive statements to federal consumers and regulators , as well as hide other causes of unwanted acceleration, sticky pedals, from NHTSA. The fine is separate from the $ 1.2 billion settlement of the class action lawsuit paid to Toyota car drivers claiming that their car has lost value as a result of the SUA problem of getting publicity in 2012, and at that time is the largest criminal penalty. against automakers in US history. Toyota was also forced to pay a total of $ 66.2 million in fines to the Transport Ministry for failing to properly handle the recall and $ 25.5 million for Toyota shareholders who lost value due to a withdrawal. Nearly 400 cases of wrong-death and personal injury were also resolved personally by Toyota as a result of an accidental acceleration.
Resolution
How to solve a sudden accidental acceleration is by applying the brake and/or clutch, or shifting to Neutral if the car has an automatic transmission.
See also
- Car safety defect
- Automotive accident
- Drive with wire
- Electronic stability control, comprehensive drive with wire security system
- George Russell Weller
- Product recall
- Runaway Car , a 1997 movie about a car with a gas pedal jammed
References
External links
- Toyota tests undesirable acceleration, comparing Camry with Infiniti
- Newspaper article about ABS brake failure with fixautosa.com authors
- How to Overcome Accidental Acceleration
- Brief History, Sad Called Sudden Acceleration
- Vehicle Security System for Driver Pedal Mission
- Responses by Toyota and NHTSA to Accidental Accidental Accident Arrived: Heard before Subcommittee on Supervision and Investigation of Energy and Commerce Committee, House of Representatives, Hundred and Eleven Congresses, Second Session, 23 February 2010
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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