The penalty point or demerit point system is a system in which the driver, police, or other licensing authority issues cumulative loss, or points for the driver of confidence for a traffic violation. Points can be added or subtracted, depending on the particular system used. Large violations may cause more than the maximum allowed points to be issued. Points are usually applied after a driving offense is committed, and cancels the specified time, usually several years, thereafter, or after other conditions are met; if the total exceeds the specified limit, the offender may be disqualified from driving for a while, or the SIM may be revoked. Fines and other penalties may be applied additionally, either for offenses or after some points have been accumulated.
The main purpose of the point system is to identify, deter, and punish perpetrators of traffic law violations, while simplifying the legal process. Germany introduced a demerit point system, in 1974, and one was introduced in New York at around that time.
Video Point system (driving)
Description
- This article discusses the abstract points system and treats points as losses; in some jurisdictions, points can be a measure of eligibility that is reduced when a traffic violation is committed.
In jurisdictions using point systems, police or licensing authorities (as prescribed by law) retain, for each driver, a driving score - usually an integer number specified in points . Traffic violations, such as accelerating or disobeying traffic signals, are each assigned a certain number of points, and when the driver is determined to be guilty of a particular offense (in any appropriate way within the legal system of the region), the corresponding number of points is added to the total driver. When the number of drivers exceeds a certain limit, the driver may face additional penalties, be required to attend safety class or driver training, have to undergo a re-examination, or lose his driving rights.
Thresholds for determining additional penalties may vary based on driver experience level, previous driving history, age, educational attainment, and other factors. In particular, it is common to set a lower bound for inexperienced young riders.
In some jurisdictions, points can also be added if the driver is found to be significantly guilty in a traffic accident. Points can be removed from the drivers score with a simple time-lapse, with a timeframe without infringement or accident, or by additional driver training or driver traffic safety training.
Large traffic violations, such as hit-and-run or drunk driving may or may not be handled within the points system. Such violations often carry mandatory suspensions on driving rights, and may result in punishment such as imprisonment.
Maps Point system (driving)
System point requirements
- Closely related points and accident risk (validity)
- Understanding for good reception
- High transparency level for caring people
- Reduction of points governed by effective psychological help
- Higher warning by the driver.
Jurisdiction using the points system
Australia
Traffic laws are the responsibility of the State and Territory Governments. Demerit points are used in all states and territories, and road authorities share information about violations between countries.
In all states, fully licensed, unlimited drivers will be disqualified from driving after collecting 12 or more demerit points in a three-year period, except in New South Wales, where the driver is allowed 13 points in a three-year period. Those who can prove that they are professional drivers are allowed to earn additional points. The minimum deferral period is three months, plus one more month for each additional four demerit numbers outside the license limit, with a limit in most states of five months (for 8 points or more of suspension triggers, eg 20 points or more in full license). As an alternative to receiving suspension, drivers may apply for a "good behavior" period of 12 months. In most states, drivers under a period of good behavior that collect one or two points further (unless Victoria does not allow further violations) have their licenses suspended to double the initial period.
Most states also provide immediate suspension of the license, in exchange or in addition to the loss figures, in certain extreme circumstances. These generally include offenses for driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or for excessive speed.
New South Wales
Temporary license holders are allowed various demerit points points during the lifetime of their license, depending on their license class, before being suspended from driving for three months. The P1 license holder, which lasts 12-18 months (but is renewable), is suspended after collecting 4 points, while the P2 license holder is suspended after 7 points in the 24 to 30 month period (but can be renewed). Acceleration violations for temporary licensees are set to a minimum of four points, which means that holders of P1 will be suspended after one offense accelerating from any speed.
During the holiday period, double demerit points apply to oncoming violations, seatbelt and related helmets. Violations in the school zone attract more insulting points than in other areas. Automatic suspension applies to all drinks and drug offenses, and accrues more than 30 km/hour.
Victoria
Victoria introduced a scheme for deferring demerit points in 1970. Students and experimental drivers were sent joint exclusion options to collect 5 or more points over a 12-month period. Option notification allows for 12 month bonds or a minimum suspension of three months. If a driver breaks a bond by raising a single demerit point within a 12 month period, their license is suspended for a minimum of six months. The limit of 12 points in any three-year period with the same option applies to full license holders. The list of traffic violations and their respective points are in Schedule 3 of the Road Safety Regulation (Driver) 2009.
In Victoria, drunken driving violations only result in immediate cancellation of licenses for unlimited drivers with blood alcohol concentrations of 0.05 or higher. A lower reading of this has a choice of 10 points penalty charged for immediate court taking; this option still produces a minimum suspension of four months for novice drivers. Automatic suspension applies to higher rate charges, and re-licenses may require commands to install devices that are interconnected to the vehicle. The automatic suspension period of at least 1 month also applies to speeding over 25 km/h past the speed limit, or a speed of more than 130 km/h.
South Australia
In South Australia, if a traffic violation is committed against the Road Traffic Act of 1961 or the Australian Road Regulations 1999, a point of contempt may occur with a driver's license. The number of points issued depends on the violation and how likely it is to cause a crash. If 12 demerit points or more accumulates within a three year period, the driver will be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver's license or driving license. Each three year period is calculated based on the date of the violation committed.
If the driver accumulates:
- 12 to 15 points, the driver lost his driving license for three months.
- 16 to 20 points, a driver lost his driving license for four months.
- 20 points or more, the driver has lost his driving license for five months.
The demerit points occur whether the violation is committed in South Australia or in another state.
Northern Region
The demerit points scheme was introduced to the Northern Territory on September 1, 2007. Violations that added points including speeding, failing to comply with red lights or level crossing signals, failing to wear seatbelts, driving drinks, using cell phones, failure to display L or P dishes, street racing, fatigue and causing damage.
Students and provisional drivers are subject to a suspension to collect 5 or more points over a 12 month period. The three-year limit of 12 points is still valid.
Queensland
In Queensland, provisional drivers or students are entitled to collect 4 points of loss, and license holders are 12 demerit points, without it affecting their licenses. A driver who exceeds their demerit threshold may choose to lose their license for a period of 3 months or choose a period of good driving behavior that allows them to bear only one offense of a demerit point without it affecting their license. If while in a period of good driving behavior a driver incurs more than one point of loss then they will lose their license for a minimum of 6 months unless the Magistrates Court gives special trouble licenses
Europe
Bulgarian
Bulgaria has implemented a penalty point system with a total of 34 points, introduced in 1999.
Denmark
Denmark has a penalty point system that punishes drivers with clips ("cut/cap") for certain traffic violations. The term clip refers to klippekort ("punch card ticket"). If a driver with a non-trial license collects three penalty points, then the police conditionally suspends the driver's license. To obtain a new license, deferred drivers must pass a written and practical driver test. Deferred drivers and first-time drivers should avoid collecting two penalty points for a three-year trial period; if the driver has not collected penalty points, then the driver is allowed to earn extra penalty points so they can have three maximums. Penalty points are removed from police databases three years after they are assessed. Police can also forbid people to drive unconditionally.
United Kingdom
England and Wales
In England and Wales, the punishment points were awarded by the court for some of the traffic violations listed in Schedule 2 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 Act. Where points are awarded, the minimum is 2 points for some lower offenses and a maximum of 11 points for the most serious offense; some incidents may result in points being awarded for multiple offenses or for multiple occurrences of the same offense (usually due to having more than one damaged tire); the majority of applicable violations attract 3 or more penalty points. Point penalty is mandatory for the most applicable violations, but the number of points, and the granting of points for some of the offenses, may be discretionary. Points remain on the driver's note, and approval is made on the driver's license, for four years of confidence (eleven years for drinks and drug-related confidence). Twelve points on license within three years makes the driver responsible for disqualification; However this is not automatic, but it must be decided by a court of law.
Since the introduction of the Road Traffic Act (New Driver) 1995, if someone within two years after passing their first practical test collects six penalty points, the license is revoked by the DVLA, and the driver must reapply and pay for temporary licenses, driving as a student, and pay and take theory and practical tests before receiving a full license again. In case of gross violation, the court may order the driver to pass an extended driving test before the license is returned, even beyond a two-year probation period.
Since 11 October 2004 there has been mutual recognition of driver disqualifications arising from the penalty point given in England and Wales (and/or Scotland) with Northern Ireland; before the date of disqualification in England and Wales will only be extended to Scotland under a driver registration system that only covers the United Kingdom.
Northern Ireland
The driver registration system is separate from the United Kingdom under different laws that include penalty points and violations they apply. In other instances the application of systems is similar to those in England and Wales. The offense applying the penalty points is shown in Schedule 1 of the Road Traffic Offenders (Northern Ireland) Order of 1996.
Scotland
The laws of road traffic are largely shared with, or similar to, from England and Wales, although Scotland is a separate jurisdiction. The current driver registration system covers the entire United Kingdom and the 1988 Traffic Acters Act currently sets the penalty point system in Scotland. The main differences in terms of penalty points of the 1988 Act are the theft and murder crimes that draw the penalty points shown in Schedule 2 Part II ("Other Offenses") that are not common between Scottish Law and English Law.
German
The Federal Automated Transport Authority ( Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt ) located in Flensburg, operates an 8-point system for traffic violations committed. The system was introduced in May 2014, replacing the previous 18-point system that goes back to 1974. Points expired after 2.5 to 10 years depending on the type and severity of each violation committed. Under certain circumstances points can be reduced by attending formal training events. Getting eight or more points will result in revocation of the driver's license; after revoked, the license will only be restored after a psychological assessment follows the ban. Information about your own points can be obtained anytime at no cost.
ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, twelve points earned results in six months of disqualification. 38 offense breaches notified by post are subject to 1-2 penalty penalties for payment of fines. 10 more serious offenses require a mandatory court appearance and are subject to 3-5 points punishment. The most serious offenses are outside the penalty point system and are subject to automatic driving restrictions, and in some cases imprisonment.
Italy
In Italy, the driver has 20 points by default, and receives 2 points bonus for every 2 years of correct behavior, with a maximum of 30 points.
Any traffic violation incurs a certain point penalty (for example, ignoring a traffic light involves a 6 point penalty). If the driver loses all points, his license is revoked.
In case of second alcohol abuse within 2 years, the driving license will be revoked.
Effective suspension begins when the driver is personally served with notice of suspension and they must submit their driver's license to the person who gave them the notice.
Dutch
Since 30 March 2002, the Netherlands has a points system to start the racer (5 years from the time you first pass the driving test or 7 years if you graduate before reaching the age of 18). A driver who reaches 2 points in 5 years will lose his driving license and must pass the driving test again to get back the driving license. On October 1, 2014, this limit is lowered from 3 to 2 points. The driver can earn points for:
- Malicious behavior in traffic,
- Causes an accident that results in death or injury
- Tailgating
- Exceeds speedlimit with more than 40 km/h (highway), or 30 km/h (all other roads)
- Any violation of the law resulting in injury or damage
Some of these violations can also directly lead to loss of license, but when the driver has 2 points, the license is automatically revoked and the driving test must be passed again, whereas usually the violation will only result in the suspended license for several months. However, in Dutch media, its effectiveness is doubtful, it is said that points are given but not always listed correctly.
Norwegian
This system is called "prikkbelastning" with prikk (er) meaning point (s). Points are assessed by driving license for a traffic violation that does not in itself result in immediate revocation of the license.
After July 1, 2011, normal penalties for most traffic violations, such as failing to generate or failing to stop at a red light, are three points in addition to fines. Accelerate violations between 10 and 15 km/h (where speed limits are 60 km/h or less), or between 15 and 20 km/h (where speed limits are 70 km/h or more) yield two points, to accelerate violations below, no points were assessed. Young drivers between 18-20 are punished with twice the number of points.
A driver who reaches 8 points in three years lost his driver's license for 6 months. Each point is removed when three years have passed since the violation occurred. When the driving privilege is restored after a six-month ban, the points causing the suspension are removed.
North America
Canada
Alberta
When a driver collects 15 or more points within a period of two years, his license is automatically suspended for one month.
Ontario
Ontario uses a 15-point system in which points are "added" to the driver's record after confidence, although Ontario's points system is not associated with safe driving behavior (single riders using a high-occupancy vehicle track in Ontario will earn three points of loss).
Ontario drivers guilty of committing offenses in other Canadian provinces, as well as the State of New York and Michigan, will see negative points added to their driving record as if the offense occurred in Ontario.
United States
The points system is applied in different ways, or not at all, in different states. If a violation violates a running red light captured by a red light camera, no points are assessed. Aspects of a driver's driving record (including points) may be reported to the insurer, which may use them in determining what rates are charged to the driver, and whether to renew or cancel an insurance policy.
Arizona
Arizona uses a point system where your license will be suspended if 8 points are accumulated within a year. The violations that led to this are as follows:
- DUI (blood alcohol concentration (BAC 0.08% or higher): 8 points
- Extreme DUI: 8 points
- Desperate driving: 8 points
- Driving aggressively: 8 points
- Leaving the crash site: 6 points
- Running a stop sign or traffic signal or failing to generate, crash causing death: 6 points
- Running a stop sign or traffic signal or failing to generate, the accident caused serious injury: 4 points
- Accelerate: 3 points
- Drive or park in an area where one or more lanes deviate to go in different directions (gore area): 3 points
- All other driving violations: 2 points
There are other calculating violations against this (eg Abuse of the HOV path is a 3-point violation)
California
Drivers who collect tickets for a moving violation may be considered negligent carriers and may lose their right to drive. Major violations, such as hit-and-run, reckless driving, and driving under the influence, earned 2 points and remained on record for 13 years. Less serious offenses result in 1 point remaining for 39 months (3 years, 3 months).
A driver is considered negligent if they collect:
- 4 points in 12 months, or
- 6 points in 24 months, or
- 8 points in 36 months
Suspension or Revocation by the Motor Vehicle Department (DMV)
Careless drivers may be subject to a one year trial period (including six months suspension) or lose their privilege to drive. At the end of the suspension or withdrawal period, the driver must re-register to obtain a driver's license.
DMV will revoke the license after confidence to drive hit-and-run or reckless.
Suspension by Judge
A judge may suspend the following license of belief to:
- break speed law or reckless driving.
- Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
- The driver hit and run.
- Engage in lewd and prostitution behavior in a vehicle within 1000 feet (300 m) of residence.
- Attack drivers, passengers, cyclists, or pedestrians when a violation occurs on a road rage.
- Failure to stop when needed on class train crossings.
- Felony or minor offense recklessly escaped from law enforcement officers.
When a driver is quoted for a traffic violation, the judge can offer the driver the opportunity to attend the Traffic Violator School, this includes online traffic schools if the court allows. Drivers can participate once in each 18-month period to get dismissed quotes from their driving records this way. After the quote terminations, all citation notes are deleted and no points are accumulated.
Regardless of the number of points accumulated, many serious violations involving vehicles may be subject to punishment of heavy fines or imprisonment.
Colorado
Colorado uses an accumulated point system according to the Colorado Division Vehicle Division Schedule. Procrastination driving privileges can result from as little as 6 points in 12 months by a driver under 18 years old. Points remain on the driver's motor vehicle record for 7 years. Some motor vehicle violations carry 12 points per incident, which may result in a direct suspension of the driver's license. Some traffic violation beliefs may also result in suspension of driver's licenses if the number of points accumulates enough over a 12 or 24 month period.
Florida
Florida uses a points system similar to Colorado. The Department of Highway Safety and Florida Motor Vehicles is the department responsible for issuing the Driving License in the state and will also track points issued to licensed drivers within the state. The following is the value of points set for the following violations.
Speeding
- 14 mph or less above the speed limit = 3 points
- 15 mph or above the speed limit = 4 points
- Accelerate crashes = 6 points (enforced to restrict street drag races)
Speeding fines are duplicated when violations occur within an active school zone or construction zone.
Move Breach
- Mobile Violations (including driving for limited hours and parking on the highway outside the municipal limits) = 3 points
- Mobile violation resulting in crash = 4 points
- Failed to stop at traffic signal = 4 points
- Past a stop school bus = 4 points
- Desperate driving = 4 points
- Leaving an accident scene resulting in property damage over US $ 50 = 6 points
- Improper path change = 3 points
- Traffic alerts/traffic control devices = 4 points
- Open container as operator = 3 points
- Child restriction violation = 3 points
- Soiled = 3 points
- Curfew violation = 3 points (licensed drivers under 17 years of age may not operate motor vehicles between 11:00 pm and 6:00 am unless accompanied by drivers 21 years of age or older and holding a driver's license legitimate operator or driver driving to or from work 17-year-old licensed driver unable to operate motor vehicle between 01.00 and 00.00, unless accompanied by a driver aged 21 years and above and has a valid driver's license, or an operator driving to and from from the workplace.)
Anyone who collects a certain number of points within a certain period of time will have their license automatically revoked by the state for the stated time period.
- 12 points received in 12 months resulted in a 30 day hold.
- The 18 points earned within 18 months resulted in a 3-month suspension.
- The 24 points earned in 36 months resulted in a 12-month suspension.
Any driver under the age of 18 who accumulates six or more points in a 12 month period is automatically restricted for one year to drive only for business purposes. If additional points are accumulated, the restriction is extended for 90 days for each additional point received.
If the driver's license is suspended in the state of Florida for points or as a custom traffic violator (but not DUI), or by court order, the holder must complete an advanced driver upgrade course before driving the privilege is returned.
Points issued against a driver's license in Florida remain on license for at least 10 years.
The state of Florida issued its population points to their driver's license for violations occurring anywhere in the United States.
Massachusetts
The Massachusetts point system is known as the Safe Driver Insurance Plan (SDIP). This encourages safe driving at a lower premium for drivers who do not cause accidents or commits a traffic violation, and by ensuring that high risk drivers pay a greater share of insurance costs. Points are collected over a six-year period, and deducted for sustained safe driving periods.
New Jersey
The New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission has a points system. If the rider receives 6 points or more within a period of 3 years or more, he will be forced to pay an additional fee every year for three years, which includes court fees and other penalties. If 12 points or more accumulates on the driver's license, the license will be suspended. Other violations that lead to automatic suspension of the driver license are as follows:
- Drive while drunk (DWI)
- Operate a vehicle without license
- Driving a vehicle without insurance
- Failure to pay child support
- Failure to make court-ordered appearance
- Drug-related charges.
- Drink alcohol if you are under 21
The points range from 2 to 8 points, depending on the severity of the violation. Red light camera violations are useless. Motorists can deduct points from their driving records. 3 points can be deducted one year after one of the last violations of a motor vehicle and no infringement for at least the previous year. The driver must also complete the approved driver upgrade program. 2 points can be reduced if the rider completes a defensive driving course. However, a rider can receive a reduction of points every five years for each course he takes.
New York
The New York Statute has a point system; after 11 points or 3 tickets going in 18 months, the driver's privilege is subject to suspension, with the possibility of requesting a review check. Points are calculated from the event date (usually the ticket date) rather than the date of confidence. For off-state offenses, the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles does not record a violation of points, with the exception of violations of Quebec and Ontario.
North Carolina
North Carolina operates two parallel point systems: one for the purpose of suspending the DMV license and one for insurance purposes.
The DMV points system assigns 2 to 4 points of confidence or guilty confession to most of the moving violations; non-moving violation does not carry points. Driver's licenses are suspended for 60 days on the first suspension if twelve points are assessed against the license within a period of three years. Serious offenses, such as DWI and excessive speed (over 15 mph exceeding limits on travel speeds over 55 mph), result in a direct suspension of confidence. Points not assessed for two Prayers given for Advanced Judgment (PJC) within five years, although some serious violations (such as DUI, bypassing school buses, and accelerating more than 25 mph over posted speed limits) are not eligible for PJC.
The insurance points system assigns points differently, setting the points for accident incidents-errors and moving violations. Instead of using points for the suspension of licenses, points lead to additional insurance costs of approximately 25-35% per point assessed. In particular, points are assessed for insurance purposes even if the license is suspended. Only points in the three years before the date of purchase of the policy considered, and one PJC per household within a three-year period does not generate the specified points.
Incidents from outside the country are treated as if they were in North Carolina for point appraisal.
Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) has a point system that follows:
If the rider accumulates 6 or more points on his license, they will lose the license. If a rider is under 18 and has 6 or more points on their license or receives a ticket for speeding 26 miles (or more) of the posted speed limit, then their license will be suspended. For any one year period (since the date of the latest violation) that the rider has no point related violations, PennDOT will remove a maximum of 3 points from their records.
Violations range from 2 to 5 points (possibly with a mandatory department hearing), depending on the severity of the offense. PennDOT has the right to immediately suspend the driver's license if any of the following things happen:
- DUI (One year suspension)
- Speeds 31 miles beyond the posted speed limit (suspension 15 days)
- Collect 11 or more points on the license
- Causes the death of others due to motorist fault
The system delay points are as follows:
- First suspension: 5 days per 1 point
- Second suspension: 10 days per 1 point
- Third suspension: 15 days per 1 point
- All future holds: 1 year
South Carolina
In South Carolina, if the rider has six or more points on his driver's note, a warning letter will be sent to the rider's home address. If the rider accumulates 12 or more points, then the license will be suspended. Motorists can reduce their points by taking the Defensive Driving Course. This course can not be taken online and of course must be taken in the state of South Carolina. In addition, of course, must be taken after the biker has been rated points on his/her license. However, point reduction can be done in a three year period. If there is a possibility the motorist's license is in danger of being suspended, the course must be taken before the start time of suspension. Points range from 2 to 6 points, depending on the severity of the offense. If the rider receives a ticket for DUI, then the license is automatically suspended.
Texas
In Texas, the most touching offense is worth two points, but three points are valued in the case that caused the accident. The license can not be suspended as a result of accumulation of points, however; instead, after six points collected, the driver must pay a "Surcharge of Driver's Responsibility" of $ 100 plus $ 25 per additional point each year that his license has six or more points recorded. Other convictions carry a penalty that remains on license for three years after confidence, such as DWI confidence ($ 1000- $ 2000), unlicensed driving ($ 100), or uninsured driving ($ 250). Licenses suspended if additional charges are not paid.
Clear point of license after three years, but the real belief is clear from the record after five years, except for DWI belief, which never ends.
South America
Brazil
In Brazil, all traffic violations result in a certain number of loss points, depending on their severity, according to the Brazilian Traffic Code of 1997. If the driver collects more than 20 points (5 points for temporary drivers), the driver's license is suspended and the driver must take an education course traffic to regain the right (privilege) for driving. However, some violations occur in a direct license suspension regardless of current point count, such as drunk driving, engaging in street racing and others. It is also important that many offenses that apply only to pedestrians are also imposed in the points of disappearance.
Demerit points expire a year after the date of the violation.
other jurisdictions
The following jurisdictions also apply the points system:
- People's Republic of China - see also Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China
- The Republic of China (Taiwan)
- French
- Hong Kong
- Malaysia - see also System KEY
- Morocco
- New Zealand
- Serbian
- Singapore
- Slovenia
- Spanish
See also
- Driver's License
- Traffic tickets
- Traffic reciprocity violation
References
External links
- Penalty Points and Penalties, UK site, good clear information about points for various driving violations.
- Penalty Points in the Czech Republic, CZ sites, information on points for various driving violations.
- Czech Point System for Android OS smart phones and tablets, This app provides information about the points system, which applies to drivers in the Czech Republic.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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